<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146</id><updated>2012-02-15T17:08:11.759+05:30</updated><category term='layer2 switching'/><category term='Complete CCNA (Wireless'/><category term='DDR3 RAM'/><category term='CCNA Voice'/><category term='CCNP video'/><category term='Frame Relay'/><category term='dumps'/><category term='interview question'/><category term='Comparison with RIP Version 1'/><category term='CCIE'/><category term='ccna latest question answer'/><category term='WAN'/><category term='ccna spelization'/><category term='popular software'/><category term='Vmware'/><category term='what is Bellmanford algorithm'/><category term='ospf'/><category term='Spanning tree protocol'/><category term='Vlan Trunking protocol'/><category term='Routing Information Protocol'/><category term='GNS3'/><category term='windows 7'/><category term='what is dynamic routing protocol'/><category term='Technology News'/><category term='voice)'/><category term='Problem with distance vector protocol'/><category term='ccna Wireless'/><category term='Juniper'/><category term='Vlan'/><category term='Virtualization'/><category term='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><category term='What is wan'/><category term='2'/><category term='VTP'/><category term='GNS3 Configuration'/><category term='osi layer'/><category term='ebooks'/><category term='AIX 5L System Administration'/><category term='security'/><category term='CCDA'/><category term='SDM with GNS3'/><category term='packet tracer 5.2(latest)'/><category term='IIS'/><category term='Simulator'/><category term='Latest News'/><category term='networking'/><category term='Eigrp'/><category term='Network Protocol'/><category term='Microsoft tools'/><category term='free software'/><category term='MCSE Interview Question'/><category term='switching'/><category term='CCSP'/><category term='software'/><category term='CCNA Security'/><category term='what is dynamic routing'/><category term='microsoft training video'/><category term='vpn'/><category term='rip configuration'/><category term='What is GNS3'/><category term='super computer'/><category term='Difference between bridge and switch'/><category term='Networking Device'/><category term='CISCO IOS for GNS3'/><category term='CISCO IOS 12.4 for GNS3'/><category term='Advantage and dis advantages of RIP'/><title type='text'>NETWORK PLANET</title><subtitle type='html'>All About Networking And System Administration.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>93</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-3142243232211095971</id><published>2009-12-28T13:43:00.009+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-05T14:53:27.202+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='windows 7'/><title type='text'>windows 7 ebooks</title><content type='html'>&lt;!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2009-10-28 4:50:37  --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Background_Color = 'FFFFFF';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'FFFFFF';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_URL_Color = '008000';&lt;br /&gt;try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1393586&amp;zs=3330305f323530&amp;ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&amp;ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript"&gt;');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1393586&amp;amp;afsid=1" style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;"&gt;Your Ad Here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End: AdBrite --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 available in 6 edition.But three edition are commercially available for desktop and note book.&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 home premium&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 professional&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 ultimate&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 starter&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 Enterprise&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 home basic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuVjTlyZJgI/AAAAAAAAAMU/U4rlERnrVo0/s1600-h/windows+7.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 182px; height: 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href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuVw6qbrLpI/AAAAAAAAAMk/UXzQS6m_M3Q/s1600-h/Windows+7+-+The+Pocket+Guide.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 170px; height: 257px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuVw6qbrLpI/AAAAAAAAAMk/UXzQS6m_M3Q/s200/Windows+7+-+The+Pocket+Guide.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396843881598496402" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.1" src="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676051" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Windows 7 packet book&lt;br /&gt;http://depositfiles.com/files/oeed0ubez&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-3142243232211095971?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/3142243232211095971/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=3142243232211095971&amp;isPopup=true' title='138 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3142243232211095971'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3142243232211095971'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/windows-7-available-in-6-edition.html' title='windows 7 ebooks'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuVjTlyZJgI/AAAAAAAAAMU/U4rlERnrVo0/s72-c/windows+7.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>138</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-796560827164545565</id><published>2009-12-09T21:10:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-28T12:01:25.256+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Latest News'/><title type='text'>Indian BHUBAN VS Google's Earth</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2009-10-27 8:08:47  --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Background_Color = 'FFFFFF';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC';&lt;br /&gt;var AdBrite_URL_Color = '008000';&lt;br /&gt;try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1393586&amp;amp;zs=3330305f323530&amp;amp;ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&amp;amp;ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript"&gt;');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1393586&amp;amp;afsid=1" style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;"&gt;Your Ad Here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End: AdBrite --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Soa3Xowd9uI/AAAAAAAAAFU/rAIFTjl6J_8/s1600-h/bhuban.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370181222391477986" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 320px; height: 83px;" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Soa3Xowd9uI/AAAAAAAAAFU/rAIFTjl6J_8/s320/bhuban.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bhuvan allows you to zoom far closer than the aerial view from a chopper. If Google Earth shows details upto 200 meters distance and Wikimapia upto 50 meters, Bhuvan will show images upto 10 meters, which means you can easily see details upto a three floor high building and also add information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;Bhuvan Features:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Visualise 2D and 3D image data along with rich thematic information on Soil, wasteland, water resources etc.&lt;br /&gt;o Fly to locations ( Flies from the current location directly to the selected location)&lt;br /&gt;o Heads-Up Display ( HUD) naviation controls ( Tilt slider, north indicator, opacity, compass ring, zoom slider)&lt;br /&gt;o Navigation using the 3D view Pop-up menu (Fly-in, Fly out, jump in, jump around, view point)&lt;br /&gt;o 3D Fly through (3D view to fly to locations, objects in the terrain, and navigate freely using the mouse or keyboard)&lt;br /&gt;o Drawing 2D objects (Text labels, polylines, polygons, rectangles, 2D arrows, circles, ellipse)&lt;br /&gt;o Drawing 3D Objects (placing of expressive 3D models, 3D polygons, boxes)&lt;br /&gt;o Snapshot creation (copies the 3D view to a floating window and allows to save to a external file)&lt;br /&gt;o Measurement tools (Horizontal distance, aerial distance, vertical distance, measure area)&lt;br /&gt;o Shadow Analysis (it sets the sun position based on the given time creating shadows and effects the lighting on the terrain)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;How to Download &amp;amp; Install Bhuvan?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Register &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style="outline-style: none;" href="http://bhuvan2.nrsc.gov.in/Bhuvan/WebClient/PresentationLayer/WebClient/usr_reg.asp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;. Download the Bhuvan plugin from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style="outline-style: none;" href="http://bhuvan2.nrsc.gov.in/Bhuvan/WebClient/PresentationLayer/WebClient/BhuvanSetup.exe" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (its actually Skyline’s terraexplorer plugin) and Microsoft’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style="outline-style: none;" href="http://www.pluggd.in/isro-bhuvan-download-297/www.microsoft.com/windows/directx/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;DirectX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;.&lt;br /&gt;In order to install the plugin, you need to have the administrator privilege in your machine. The product works only in.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-796560827164545565?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/796560827164545565/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=796560827164545565&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/796560827164545565'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/796560827164545565'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/08/indian-bhuban-vs-googles-earth.html' title='Indian BHUBAN VS Google&apos;s Earth'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Soa3Xowd9uI/AAAAAAAAAFU/rAIFTjl6J_8/s72-c/bhuban.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-382651216592975983</id><published>2009-11-13T10:05:00.007+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-13T10:50:46.979+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Vmware'/><title type='text'>VMWARE ESX Server 4.0 &amp; Vsphere</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;VMware® is renaming its flagship VMware Infrastructure product to VMware vSphere™. VMware vSphere 4.0 is the next major version of VMware Infrastructure 3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VMware vSphere™, the industry’s first cloud operating system, leverages the power of virtualization to transform datacenters into dramatically simplified cloud-computing infrastructures. With VMware vSphere, IT organizations can use internal and external resources to deliver the next generation of flexible and reliable IT, securely and with low risk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Building on the proven power of the VMware Infrastructure platform, which is used by more than 130,000 customers, VMware vSphere dramatically reduces capital and operating costs and increases control over delivery of IT services, while preserving the flexibility to choose between any type of operating system, application, and hardware.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The new and enhanced features that vSphere 4.0 offers are listed below and grouped by their main benefits:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simplified Management&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Application Services&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Infrastructure Services&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Compatibility and Third-Party Extensibility&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Additional Guest Operating System Support&lt;/span&gt; — ESX/ESXi 4.0 adds support for guest operating systems not previously supported on the ESX platform. Support is added for the following guest operating systems: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Asianux 3.0 Server&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CentOS 4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Debian 4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Debian 5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;FreeBSD 6&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;FreeBSD 7&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;OS/2 4, 4.5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;MS-DOS 6.22&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows 3.1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows 95&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows 98&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows 7 (experimental)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows Server 2008 R2 (experimental)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Windows Preinstallation Environment 2.1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;SCO OpenServer 5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;SCO UnixWare 7&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Solaris 8 (experimental)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Solaris 9 (experimental)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                                    &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;E-Books:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Official VMWARE Vsphere&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/292791919/Vol1.pdf"&gt;VOL I&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/292802228/Vol2.pdf.html"&gt;VOL II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/292810409/Lab.pdf.html"&gt;VOL III&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mastering VMware vSphere 4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/304283297/Sybex_-_Mastering_VMware_vSphere_4.pdf"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;(13mb)&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298500407/Mastering_VMware_vSphere_4-Scanned.pdf"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;(147mb)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;VIDEO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hotfile.com/list/93869/91547ae"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-382651216592975983?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/382651216592975983/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=382651216592975983&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/382651216592975983'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/382651216592975983'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/11/vmware-esx-server-40-vsphere.html' title='VMWARE ESX Server 4.0 &amp; Vsphere'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-5643329164462220154</id><published>2009-11-12T23:57:00.010+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-03T11:51:15.660+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Simulator'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='packet tracer 5.2(latest)'/><title type='text'>Packet tracer 5.2</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;p&gt;Packet tracer 5.2&lt;br /&gt;It is very cool and easy to use cisco's own training simulator software.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program that allows students to experiment with network behavior and ask “what if” questions. As an integral part of the Networking Academy comprehensive learning experience, Packet Tracer provides simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities and facilitates the teaching and learning of complex technology concepts. &lt;/p&gt;                         &lt;p&gt;Packet Tracer supplements physical equipment in the classroom by allowing students to create a network with an almost unlimited number of devices, encouraging practice, discovery, and troubleshooting. The simulation-based learning environment helps students develop 21st century skills such as decision making, creative and critical thinking, and problem solving. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sr5d7AfYRNI/AAAAAAAAAJM/5lp5fFbkFmY/s1600-h/packet+tracer5.2.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 274px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sr5d7AfYRNI/AAAAAAAAAJM/5lp5fFbkFmY/s400/packet+tracer5.2.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5385845472706970834" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sr5d7WOOXsI/AAAAAAAAAJU/8qXxy-yXy-E/s1600-h/packet+tracer+5.21.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 292px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sr5d7WOOXsI/AAAAAAAAAJU/8qXxy-yXy-E/s400/packet+tracer+5.21.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5385845478540598978" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135593852/cd2b04ea/Packet_Tracer_52_plus_official_tutorials.html"&gt;Download here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-5643329164462220154?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/5643329164462220154/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=5643329164462220154&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5643329164462220154'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5643329164462220154'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/packet-tracer-52.html' title='Packet tracer 5.2'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sr5d7AfYRNI/AAAAAAAAAJM/5lp5fFbkFmY/s72-c/packet+tracer5.2.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2080599636163863415</id><published>2009-11-11T15:29:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-14T12:36:15.572+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Vlan'/><title type='text'>VLAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUserXP%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:930352359; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:132547662 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} @list l1 	{mso-list-id:1587689262; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:1215470560 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l1:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The only solution to solve broadcast problems is to breakup the exiting network or a single broadcast domain in to multiple smaller broadcast domains called as VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A virtual LAN is a logical grouping of network devices in the same broadcast domain that can span multiple physical segments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;All device connected to the hub are in the same collision domain but layer 2 switches network create individual collision domain for each device plugged into each port on the switch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A VLAN can be defined as a virtual broadcast domain instead of segmenting the broadcast domain with router at layer-3; you segment using switches at layer-2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Logically speaking, VLANs are also subnets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A subnet or a network is a contained broadcast domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A broadcast that occurs in one subnet will not be forward by default to another subnet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;You can add 500 computers in a single broadcast domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLAN contain broadcast traffic, where you need a router to move traffic between VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A device’s membership in a VLAN can be determined by one of three methods, 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Static, 2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Dynamic, 3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Voice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Static VLAN:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Creating static VLAN is the most common      way to create a VLAN and one of the reasons for that is because static      VLANs are more secure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;When you are      dealing with static VLAN, you most manually assign a port on a switch to a      VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLANs configured in this      method are typically called port based VLANs or static VLAN are assigned      through a RADIUS server for use with IEEE 802.1x.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Dynamic VLAN:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In dynamic VLAN the switch automatically      assigns the port to a VLAN using information from the user device, such as      MAC address, IP address and protocol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The switch then consults a policy server called VLAN membership policy      server (VMPS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The VMPS database      automatically maps MAC address to VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A dynamic assigned by VMPS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The catalyst 2960 switch can be a VMPS client.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Dynamic VLAN have one main advantage      over static VLAN, they support plug and play movability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Voice VLAN:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Voice VLAN is unique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;They are associated to port that have      VOIP phones attached.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Some voice      phone might have a multi port switch attached to them to allow other      devices to connect to the switch via the phone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In this instance, the phone might tog      frame to indicate which device is sending the traffic- phone or Pc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Then switch can use to deal with the      traffic correctly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Advantage of VLAN:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLAN increase the number of broadcast domains while reduce there size.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLAN provide an additional layer 2 security.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLAN are faxable in term of how they are used in network equipment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;VLAN can span across multiple switches using trunk link.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Allow a logical grouping of user by function not location.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Make user add, move and change easier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; 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href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUserXP%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:.5in .5in 27.0pt .5in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:771902142; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:492709786 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 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	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Implement of VLAN:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Create the VLAN and assign name.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Assign switch port to the VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch&gt;enable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch#configure terminal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#vlan 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-vlan)#name sales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#exit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#vlan 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-vlan)#name marketing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#exit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#vlan 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-vlan)#name accounting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#exit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#vlan 40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-vlan)#name HR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#exit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet0/5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet0/6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/10 – 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/13 - 14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;When dealing with VLANs switches support two types of switch port access link and trunk link.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Access Link:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;An access link connection is a      connection to a device that has a standardized Ethernet NIC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;That understands only standardized      Ethernet frame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;An access port      belongs to and carries the traffic of only one VLAN (default VLAN 1).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Access link device can’t communicate      with device out side their VLAN unless the packet is routed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Voice access      link:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Most switch will allow      you to add a second VLAN to an access port on a switch port for your voice      traffic, it’s called the voice VLANs the voice VLAN is called the auxiliary      VLAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Trunk Link:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The switch can handle multiple VLANs on      single port and a router can route these VLANs on the same single      port.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This special kind of      connection/port is called trunk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A      trunk modifies the original Ethernet frame to carry VLAN information      including a VLAN identifier in the frame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A trunk link is a 100 or 1000 mbps point-to-point link between two switches, switch to router or between switch to server.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Trunk link carries the traffic of multiple VLANs from 1 to 4094 at a time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Trunk connections are capable of carrying traffic for multiple VLANs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;To support trunking, the original Ethernet frame must be modified to carry VLAN information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Commonly called a VLAN identifier or number.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The modification of this frame is called tagging.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;It is done by ASIC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;No latency is involved in the actual tagging process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The Cisco switches support two type of Ethernet trunking method such as ISL and Dot1q tagging.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Each switch that the frame reaches must first identify the VLAN ID from the frame tag.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Then find out what to do with the frame y looking at the information in what’s known as the filter table.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If the frame reaches a switch that has another trunked link, the frame will be forwarded out the trunk link port.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Trunk link will support tagged and untagged traffic simultaneously.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The trunk port is assigned a default port VLAN ID for a VLAN that all untagged traffic will travel on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This VLAN is also called the native VLAN and is always VLAN 1 by default.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If one switch had its management VLAN set to 1 and another connected switch had it set to 2, then two switches would lose of inter functionality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In this time the switch is give&lt;i style=""&gt; native VLAN miss match&lt;/i&gt; error.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Inter Switch Link (ISL):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;ISL is a way of explicitly tagging VLAN information in to an Ethernet frame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This tagging information allows VLANs to be multiplexed over a trunk link through an external encapsulation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;ISL function at layer 2 by encapsulating original Ethernet frame by assign 26 byte header and 4 byte trailer to hold VLAN information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The original placed between the header and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) trailer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Dot1q:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;ISL which is Cisco proprietary is being phased out in Cisco products and being replaced with IEEE 802.1q trunking standard, which was introduce in 1998.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;802.1q trunking is supported in switch port that is capable for fast Ethernet or gigabit Ethernet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Dot1q uses 4 byte field called tag inserted into original Ethernet frame which is used to carry VLAN number identification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The first 2 byte of the tag is the protocol identifier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The next 3 bit is used to prioritize the frame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The fourth bit indicates if this is an encapsulated token ring frame and last 12 bits are used for the VLAN identifier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;script language="javascript" src="http://www.kqzyfj.com/placeholder-4075808?target=_top&amp;amp;mouseover=N" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUserXP%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l1:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2080599636163863415?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2080599636163863415/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=2080599636163863415&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2080599636163863415'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2080599636163863415'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/07/vlan.html' title='VLAN'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SnFwONLdeiI/AAAAAAAAABk/gEadjul4xA4/s72-c/untitled.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2227161907151217704</id><published>2009-11-11T13:57:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-27T11:37:00.863+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Vlan Trunking protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VTP'/><title type='text'>VTP(Vlan Trunking Protocol)</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:1099256924; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-83972058 67698689 67698713 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level2 	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; 	mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} @list l1 	{mso-list-id:1526287051; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:447751676 67698689 509657998 67698713 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l1:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level2 	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} @list l1:level3 	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; 	mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;VTP is a proprietary protocol of Cisco and used to share VLAN information between Cisco switches.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;VTP implements client/server model that make VLAN creation and administration easy.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Using VTP client/server model switches shares and synchronizes their VLAN information among all switches in network.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Cool features of VTP&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Consistent VLAN configuration across all switches in the network.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;VLAN trunking over mixed network, such as Ethernet to ATM line or even FDDI.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Accurate tracking and monitoring of VLAN.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;4.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Plug and play VLAN adding.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;5.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dynamic reporting of added VLANs to all switches in the VTP domain.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"&gt;VTP information is sending between switches only domain information as well as a configuration revision number and all known VLANs with any specific parameter.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;There are three requirements of VTP communication;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;The VTP management domain name and password of all switches must be set the same.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;One of the switches has to be configured as a VTP server.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;No routing is necessary.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;There are three model of VTP domain&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Server:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This is the default mode for all catalyst switches.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;You need at least one server in your VTP domain to propagate VLAN information through out the domain.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The switch must be in server mode to be able to create, add and remove VLAN in the VTP domain.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Client:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In client mode, switches receive information form VTP servers, but they also send and received updates, so in this way they are having like VTP server.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;But in this mode switch can’t create, change or remove VLANs.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Transparent:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Switches in this mode don’t participate in the VTP domain or share its local database but they will still forward VTP advertisements though any configured trunk links.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;There are three type of VTP message&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Advertisement Request:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This request generate by client for client.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The VLAN information is not stored in NVRAM so when client switch boot up, it generates advertisement request which server will respond to give the VLAN information.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Subset Advertisement:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;When a server responds to a client request, it generates a subset advertisement a subset advertisement contains detailed VLAN configuration.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Summary Advertisement:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;message will generated by VTP server after every five, a server will use summary advertisement to ensure all clients have most up to date information.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;VTP Purning&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;VTP gives you a way to preserve bandwidth by configuring it to reduce the amount of broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast packet.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This is called purning.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;VTP purning enable switches send broadcast only to trunk links that actually must have the information.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;DTP&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Cisco has implemented the dynamic trunking protocol to make setting up trunk easier.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;DTP can send and received trunk negotiation frames to dynamically establish a trunk link with a connected switch.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;DTP is not necessary to establish a trunk link, and link many other automatic functions; many administrators would rather not use it and instead manually configure their trunk link.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2227161907151217704?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2227161907151217704/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' 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Administration II(Problem Determination)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; Student Note Book(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/81608030/1ca80a45/AIX_5L_System_Administration_II__Problem_Determination__-_Student_Notebook.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AIX 5L Administration(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/21026734/c30c035f/AIX_5L_Administration.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;AIX 5L  System Problem Determination(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/134197766/58b30af8/AIX_5L_System_Problem_Determination.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;AIX 5L System Performance and Tuning(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/134197710/fe91390a/AIX_5L_System_Performance_and_Tuning_234.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 490px;" class="fname"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How To Install AIX 5L(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/101835366/44bb0b82/How_to_install_AIX_5L.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IBM Certification Study Guide eServer P5 and PSeries Administration And Support For AIX 5L Version(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/42211153/6f87bdb0/IBM_Certification_Study_Guide_eServer_p5_and_pSeries_Administration_and_Support_for_AIX_5L_Version_53.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;                                               &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;AIX Certification Question:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/97945748/1bbfb59/AIX_5L_CERTIFICATION_QUESTIONS.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CBT Nugget for AIX 5L System Administration I:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300023491/Examlover_AI1.part01.rar.html"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300023519/Examlover_AI1.part02.rar.html"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300023526/Examlover_AI1.part03.rar.html"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300023575/Examlover_AI1.part04.rar.html"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300025028/Examlover_AI1.part05.rar.html"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300025066/Examlover_AI1.part06.rar.html"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300025031/Examlover_AI1.part07.rar.html"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300025032/Examlover_AI1.part08.rar.html"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300025030/Examlover_AI1.part09.rar.html"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300026922/Examlover_AI1.part10.rar.html"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300026920/Examlover_AI1.part11.rar.html"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300026921/Examlover_AI1.part12.rar.html"&gt;Part12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300026923/Examlover_AI1.part13.rar.html"&gt;Part13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CBT Nugget for AIX 5L System Administration II:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300026918/Examlover_AI2.part01.rar.html"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300027604/Examlover_AI2.part02.rar.html"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300028102/Examlover_AI2.part03.rar.html"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300028144/Examlover_AI2.part04.rar.html"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300028223/Examlover_AI2.part05.rar.html"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300028243/Examlover_AI2.part06.rar.html"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300028726/Examlover_AI2.part07.rar.html"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300029215/Examlover_AI2.part08.rar.html"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300029260/Examlover_AI2.part09.rar.html"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300029319/Examlover_AI2.part10.rar.html"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300029471/Examlover_AI2.part11.rar.html"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300029752/Examlover_AI2.part12.rar.html"&gt;Part12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/300020623/Examlover_AI2.part13.rar.html"&gt;Part13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-8507826086150086422?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/8507826086150086422/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=8507826086150086422&amp;isPopup=true' title='11 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8507826086150086422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8507826086150086422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/11/cbt-nugget-for-aix-5l-system.html' title='Complete AIX 5L(Video,E-Books)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>11</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-1637370588516696264</id><published>2009-11-03T12:12:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-03T13:01:20.447+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IIS'/><title type='text'>Complete IIS 6.0 &amp; 7.0 CBT(E Books,CBT)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Su_S9sbUt2I/AAAAAAAAAPE/5sLPJ6sMdBU/s1600-h/iis6.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 367px; height: 72px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Su_S9sbUt2I/AAAAAAAAAPE/5sLPJ6sMdBU/s400/iis6.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399766435580131170" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IIS6.0 CBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/273716662/IIS_6_Administration.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E-Book:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/81565717/4e0bb432/IIS_60_Resource_Kit.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Securing IIS 6.0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/41578653/b46d3b3a/_2__CYA_-_Securing_IIS_60.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IIS7.0 CBT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Su_WAK7J6KI/AAAAAAAAAPM/H0V_Gl-qmSE/s1600-h/iis7.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 367px; height: 142px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Su_WAK7J6KI/AAAAAAAAAPM/H0V_Gl-qmSE/s400/iis7.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399769776661325986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Password:&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;ut@update_softs.com  (no _)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250619782/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part01.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250620592/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part02.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250620176/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part03.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250621003/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part04.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250619815/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part05.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250620360/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part06.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250620392/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part07.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/250619483/KA_ConfigIISWS2k8.part08.rar"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E-Books:&lt;br /&gt;Internet Information Services(IIS) 7.0 Administrators packet Consultant:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/72059812/804e5b6a/Internet_Information_Services__IIS__70_Administrators_Pocket_Consultant.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professional IIS7.0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/59886581/ccdf27c7/IIS70.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-1637370588516696264?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/1637370588516696264/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=1637370588516696264&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1637370588516696264'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1637370588516696264'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/11/iis-60-70-cbt.html' title='Complete IIS 6.0 &amp; 7.0 CBT(E Books,CBT)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Su_S9sbUt2I/AAAAAAAAAPE/5sLPJ6sMdBU/s72-c/iis6.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-3786777310587187432</id><published>2009-11-01T18:38:00.011+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-03T01:07:28.636+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCSP'/><title type='text'>Complete CCSP(Video,Ebooks,Dumps)</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p 	{mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0in; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;A Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP) is an IT (Information Technology) professional who has received formal training from Cisco Systems in network-related security hardware, software and management. CCSPs are commonly employed in IT security departments and as system administrators. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCSP training typically covers: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Identity management&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Authentication&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Authorization&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Firewalls&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Anti-malware programs&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Security policy development. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;            &lt;p&gt;CCSP training covers current technologies to develop comprehensive network defense solutions. For certification, a CCSP must demonstrate a solid understanding of networking protocols and multi-level security paradigms for use in a business environment, particularly e-commerce. Another focus of training is the management of LAN (local area network) and WAN (wide area network) security to enable the highest possible level of business asset protection at the lowest possible cost. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;642-504 SNRS  Securing Networks with Cisco Routers and Switches (SNRS)&lt;br /&gt;642-524 SNAF  Securing Networks with ASA Foundation (SNAF)&lt;br /&gt;642-533 IPS  Implementing Cisco Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)&lt;br /&gt;Elective Exam(s)  Elective Training&lt;br /&gt;642-591 CANAC&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;642-545 MARS&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;642-515 SNAA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Implementing Cisco NAC Appliance (CANAC)&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;Implementing Cisco Security Monitoring, Analysis and Response System (MARS)&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;Securing Networks with ASA Advanced (SNAA)&lt;br /&gt;642-504SNRS(Video)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NETLOAD Link:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiHM4ZBeCpaa/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part1.rar.htm"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiGJUhAuqq1k/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part2.rar.htm"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateix0qmGZV2VG/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part3.rar.htm"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateii8kjjq3Zq8/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part4.rar.htm"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;Password&lt;/span&gt;: tactools.org&lt;br /&gt;Rapidshare Link:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196359026/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part1.exe"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/211866746/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196360636/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/211866525/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/211862967/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part3.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196360791/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part3.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/211862547/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part4.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196359016/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part4.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196360824/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part5.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196360681/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part6.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/196359506/CBT.Nuggets.Exam-Pack.642-504.SNRS.Update-DDUiSO.part7.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;Password&lt;/span&gt;: tactools.org&lt;br /&gt;642-524 SNAF(Video)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateicN3rTU2psM/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part1.rar.htm"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiiBP3VeIXXC/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part2.rar.htm"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/datei4ZSWYfbT2G/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part3.rar.htm"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/datei7gyYgcyquC/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part4.rar.htm"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiqukV0dac6H/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part5.rar.htm"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateisWlUTPFWYh/CBT.NUGGETS.CISCO.CCSP.EXAM-PACK.642-524.SNAF.DVD-LiBiSO.part6.rar.htm"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;642-533 IPS AG(CBT):&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Share:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112354028/ag2.part01.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112354029/ag2.part02.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112354030/ag2.part03.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112354031/ag2.part04.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112354032/ag2.part05.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112358260/ag2.part06.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112358261/ag2.part07.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112358262/ag2.part08.rar"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112358263/ag2.part09.rar"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112358265/ag2.part10.rar"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112413882/ag2.part11.rar"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112413883/ag2.part12.rar"&gt;Part12&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112413884/ag2.part13.rar"&gt;Part13&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112413885/ag2.part14.rar"&gt;Part14&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/112413886/ag2.part15.rar"&gt;Part15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;640-532IPS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/290856534/240.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/290856966/240.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E-books:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CCSP Security official certification guide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139983567/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139985778/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139987257/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part3.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139981909/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part4.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;642-524 (SNAF) E-Book:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/78029795/cbff80a2/CCSP_SNAF.html"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;642-504(SNRS)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cisco ASA,PIX and FWSM Firewall Handbook(2nd Edition)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=VB9EDIEM"&gt;Download1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://w14.easy-share.com/6526321.html"&gt;Download2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cisco Press 2008 CCSP SNPA Quick Reference Guide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145375091/b043405d/Cisco_Press_2008_CCSP_SNPA_Quick_Reference.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IPS 642-533&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CISCO Press books and other&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/139089135/cf743f53/SkillSoft_IPS_642-533.html"&gt;download1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dumps:&lt;br /&gt;SNRS(642-504)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/133804501/6e044e6a/P4S_642-504__127_Qs_.html?s=1"&gt;Pass4Sure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145427941/75d072dc/642-504_SNRS.html"&gt;.exe file&lt;/a&gt;(installation)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145435038/dbf5860b/642-504_p4s_.html"&gt;.doc file&lt;/a&gt;(read only)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SNAF(642-524)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/134477069/22be2e3e/SNAF_642-524.html"&gt;Download1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145445598/95f1707a/642-524.html"&gt;Download2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IPS(642-533)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Password:&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;] for 4shared dumps and e books&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-3786777310587187432?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/3786777310587187432/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=3786777310587187432&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3786777310587187432'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3786777310587187432'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/11/complete-ccspvideoebooksdumps.html' title='Complete CCSP(Video,Ebooks,Dumps)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-5357924424157738375</id><published>2009-11-01T07:52:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-06T19:05:12.767+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCDA'/><title type='text'>Complete CCDA(Dumps,E-books,Video)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.1" src="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676933" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cisco’s CCDA (Cisco Certified Design Associate) is an introductory to mid-level certification for IT professionals who can design routed and switched network infrastructures involving LAN, WAN, and dial access services for businesses and organizations. The CCDA has as its prerequisite the knowledge and skills to install, configure, and operate basic network infrastructures. As well, Cisco highly recommends holding the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The CCDA is a prerequisite to the CCDP (Cisco Certified Design Professional) certification and got its start several years ago.  A candidate needs to pass this one exam to achieve CCDA certification and the CCDA is valid for three years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WINRAR Password:&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Dumps:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145288894/755c79c3/640-863_Actualtest_.html"&gt;Actualtest&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145289730/3b3e7508/640-863_v571_setup.html"&gt;.exe file&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145289730/3b3e7508/640-863_v571_setup.html"&gt; ver 5.71&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145289730/3b3e7508/640-863_v571_setup.html"&gt; testinside&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Ebooks:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145290501/24f8a409/CCDA_Self-Study_Guide_640-863_2nd_edition__2008_.html"&gt;Cisco Press Self study guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145626408/95cc5a41/CCDA_Qickreference.html"&gt;Cisco Press quick Reference Guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Video:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CBT NUGGETS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560006/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part01.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208559984/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part02.rar"&gt;,Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560151/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part03.rar"&gt;,Part3&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560041/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part04.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208559990/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part05.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208559976/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part06.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560102/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part07.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560022/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part08.rar"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208559996/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part09.rar"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208560068/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part10.rar"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/208559889/ccna-ccnp-ccsp-ccie.blogspot.com-CBT-640-802.part11.rar"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.1" src="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676933" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-5357924424157738375?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/5357924424157738375/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=5357924424157738375&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5357924424157738375'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5357924424157738375'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/11/complete-ccda.html' title='Complete CCDA(Dumps,E-books,Video)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-9100202837399653171</id><published>2009-10-31T17:35:00.008+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-09T21:21:01.328+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCNA Voice'/><title type='text'>complete ccna voice(ebooks,video,dumps)</title><content type='html'> &lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript1.1" SRC="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676933" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;CCNA Voice is an Associate Level certification designed to build upon the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification and serve as a prerequisite for the CCVP (Cisco Certified Voice Professional) certification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Cisco CCNA Voice certification confirms an individual has the required skill set for specialized job roles in voice technologies such as voice administrator, voice engineer, and voice manager. It validates skills in VoIP technologies such as IP PBX, IP telephony, handset, call control, and voicemail solutions. Candidates also get exposure to the Cisco Unified Communications (UC) architecture and design covering mobility, presence, and TelePresence applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;The new CCNA Voice Certification enterprise option assesses skills/knowledge related to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager 6.0 (CUCM 6.0). It is typically employed by large organizations such as governments, large companies, and colleges.  Passing the CVOICE #642-436 exam will meet the requirements for this option.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="padding: 0px; min-height: 8pt; height: 8pt; text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;The CCNA Voice Certification commercial option continues to use the IIUC #640-460 exam and assesses skills and knowledge related to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 4.1 (Cisco UME) and Cisco Unity Express (CUE), solutions typically used by medium &amp;amp; small organizations such as companies with less than 2,000 employees, retail businesses, and small school districts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCNA Voice CBT:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt; Welcome to VoIP: Voice in a Packet…What’s the Big Deal?&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Historic Voice: Understanding Analog Connectivity&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Historic Voice: Digital Connectivity&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Historic Voice: Digital Connectivity, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Historic Voice: Legacy Voice Components and Connectivity&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco VoIP: Understanding the Pieces of a Cisco Voice Network&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco VoIP: Understanding the Pieces of a Cisco Voice Network, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Network Foundations: Preparing the Infrastructure for VoIP&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Network Foundations: Preparing the Infrastructure for VoIP, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Cisco CME: Hardware Requirements and Installation Process&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Cisco CME: Ephones and Ephone-DNs&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco CME: Ephones and Ephone-DNs, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco CME: Ephones and Ephone-DNs, Part 3&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt; Cisco CME: Voice Productivity Features&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco CME: Voice Productivity Features, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Gateways and Trunks: Understanding Voice CODECs&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Gateways and Trunks: Connecting CME to Other Voice Systems&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Gateways and Trunks: Understanding and Configuring Dial Peers&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Gateways and Trunks: Understanding and Configuring Dial Peers, Part 2&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Gateways and Trunks: Manipulating Dialed Digits&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco Unity Express: Hardware Requirements and Features&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco Unity Express: Installation and Configuration&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  Cisco UC500: The Ultimate All-in-One Data and Voice Device&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;  A Final Word to CCNA Voice Test Takers&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                                                &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161949003/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part01.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161956316/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part02.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161963521/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part03.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161969929/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part04.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161911778/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part05.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161920968/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part06.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161929800/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part07.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161977086/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part08.rar"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161983338/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part09.rar"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161988992/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part10.rar"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/162079509/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part11.rar"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161996243/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part12.rar"&gt;Part12&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/161996444/CBT.CCNA.voice.640-460.www.network-ebooks.com.part13.rar"&gt;Part13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script language="JavaScript1.1" src="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676933" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;E-book:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Connecting IP phones to the LAN infrastructure&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cisco Unified CME installation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cisco Unified CME IP phone configuration&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cisco Unified CME voice productivity features&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gateway and trunk concepts and configuration&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cisco Unity Express concepts and configuration&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Smart Business Communications System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configuring and maintaining the UC500 for voice&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;Password for Winrar:&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CISCO Press E-book&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/108304104/ff28b1e3/CCNA_VOICE_VoIP.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CCNA Voice Quick Reference Guide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/72495853/8792be57/CCNA_Voice_Quick_Refence_Sheetpdf.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dumps:&lt;br /&gt;For 642-436&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145167316/3e19a19f/642-436.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For 640-460&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145159095/caf0c997/EW_640-460_CCNA_Voice_114_Q.html"&gt;P4s dumps&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145158311/bfbe5eba/640-460.html"&gt;640-460_77q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;!-- Begin BidVertiser code --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript1.1" SRC="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=277059%26bid=676933" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;noscript&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_advertiser.dbm"&gt;advertising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/noscript&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- End BidVertiser code --&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-9100202837399653171?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/9100202837399653171/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=9100202837399653171&amp;isPopup=true' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/9100202837399653171'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/9100202837399653171'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/complete-ccna-voiceebooksvideodumps.html' title='complete ccna voice(ebooks,video,dumps)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2047121755689077784</id><published>2009-10-31T13:19:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-31T13:35:22.245+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spanning tree protocol'/><title type='text'>What is Spanning tree protocol</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Spanning Tree is a protocol that prevents loop formation by detecting redundant links and disabling them until needed. Designers can therefore build redundant links and the protocol will allow one to pass traffic and keep the other in reserve. When the active link fails, the secondary link is enabled quickly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Understanding the Spanning Tree Protocol:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switches either forward or filter Layer 2 frames. The way they make the forwarding/filtering decision can lead to loops in a network with redundant links. Spanning Tree is a protocol that detects potential loops and breaks them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Layer 2 switch is functionally the same thing as a transparent bridge. Transparent bridges:&lt;br /&gt;• Learn MAC (Media Access Control) addresses by looking at the source address of incoming frames. They build a table mapping MAC address to port number.&lt;br /&gt;• Forward broadcasts and multicasts out all ports except the on which they came. (This is called flooding.)&lt;br /&gt;• Forward unknown unicasts out all ports except the one on which they came. An unknown unicast is a message bound for a unicast MAC address that is not in the switch’s table of addresses and ports.&lt;br /&gt;• Do not make any changes to the frames as they forward them&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) works by selecting a root bridge, then selecting one loop-free path from the root bridge to every other switch. (STP uses the term bridge because it was written before there were switches.) Consider the following switched network.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvtI1Dlw4I/AAAAAAAAAOk/4JI8NsEzOC4/s1600-h/1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 314px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvtI1Dlw4I/AAAAAAAAAOk/4JI8NsEzOC4/s320/1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398669314270544770" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Spanning Tree must select:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One root bridge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One root port per nonroot bridge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One designated port per network segment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spanning Tree Election Criteria: Spanning Tree builds paths out from a central point along the fastest available links. It selects path according to the following criteria:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lowest root bridge ID (BID)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lowest path cost to the root&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lowest sender bridge ID&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lowest sender port ID (PID)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When reading the path selection criteria, remember the following:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bridge ID: Bridge priority: Bridge MAC address.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bridge priority: 2-btye value, 0–65,535 (0–0xFFFF).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Default priority is 32,768 (0x8000).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Port ID: Port priority: port number.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Port priority: A 6-bit value, 0–63, default is 32.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Path cost: This is the cumulative value of the cost of each link between the bridge and the root. Cost values were updated in 2000 and you should see only new cost values, but both are given in the following table . Old and new switches work together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvtthuSaSI/AAAAAAAAAOs/xI_vIqZAKuQ/s1600-h/2.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 365px; height: 154px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvtthuSaSI/AAAAAAAAAOs/xI_vIqZAKuQ/s320/2.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398669944736082210" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;The STP Election:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spanning Tree builds paths out from a starting point, the “root” of the tree. The first step in selecting paths is to identify this root device. Then, each device selects its best path back to the root, according to the criteria laid out in the previous sections (lowest root BID, lowest cost, lowest advertising BID, lowest port).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Root Bridge Election&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looking at Figure 3-1, first select the root bridge. Assume each switch uses the default priority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch A BID = 80-00-00-0c-11-11-00-11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch B BID = 80-00-00-0c-26-78-10-10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch C BID = 80-00-00-0c-32-1a-bc-de&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch D BID = 80-00-00-0c-81-81-11-22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch E BID = 80-00-00-0c-26-79-22-22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch A has the lowest BID, so it is the root. Each nonroot switch must now select a root port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Root Port Election:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The root port is. the port that leads back to the root. Continuing with Figure 3-1, once A is acknowledged as the root, the remaining bridges sort out their lowest cost path back to the A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch B: Uses the link to A with a cost of 19 (link speed of 100 Mbps).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch C: The connected link has a cost of 100 (Ethernet), the link through B has a path cost of 38 (two 100 Mbps links), and so B is chosen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch D: The link through B has a path cost of 119, the path cost through C to A is 119, the path through C then B is 57, so C is chosen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switch E: The lowest path cost is the same for both ports (76 through D to C to B to A). Next check sender BID, sender for both ports is D, so that it does not break the tie. Next check sender Port ID. Assuming default port priority, the PID for 0/1 is lower than the PID for 0/2, so the port on the left is the root port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Designated Port Election:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Designated ports are ports that lead away from the root. Obviously, all ports on the root bridge are designated ports (A-B and A-C in Figure 3-2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segment B-D: B has the lowest path cost to root (19 vs 119), so it is designated for this segment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segment C-D: C has the lowest path cost to the root (100 vs 119), so it is designated for this segment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segment B-: B has the lowest path cost to the root (19 vs 100), so it is designated for this segment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both segments D-E: D has the lowest cost to the root (57 vs 76), so it is designated for both segments. Now the looped topology has been turned into a tree with A at the root. Notice that there are no more redundant links.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Switches exchange BPDUs. There are two types of BPDUs: Configuration and Topology Change (TCN). Configuration BPDUs are sent every two seconds from the root toward the downstream switches. They:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Are used during an election.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maintain connectivity between switches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Send timer information from the root.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TCN BPDUs are sent toward the root when:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a link failure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A port starts forwarding, and there is already a designated port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The switch receives a TCN from a neighbor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When a switch receives a TCN BPDU, it acknowledges that with a configuration BPDU that has the TCN Acknowledgment bit set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the root bridge receives a TCN, it starts sending configuration BPDUs with the TCN bit set for a period of time equal to max age plus forward delay. Switches that receive this change their MAC table aging time to the Forward Delay time, causing MAC addresses to age faster. The topology change also causes an election of the Root Bridge, root ports, and designated ports.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;STP Communication with BPDUs:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To determine the presence of loops and to block loops, switches must be capable of communicating with each other about the various connections they have. This communication in STP is carried out by the exchange of Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs). The 802.1d BPDU is multicast every two seconds and includes information the switches need to decide if there are loops, how to fix them, and which switch is the Root. Bellow figure shows the fields in an 802.1d BPDU; note the fields for the Bridge ID, the Root ID, and the Root path cost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvuolXTctI/AAAAAAAAAO0/2TW314Ng4uA/s1600-h/3.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvuolXTctI/AAAAAAAAAO0/2TW314Ng4uA/s320/3.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398670959325704914" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Root Bridge ID: The BID of the current root.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sender’s root path cost: The cost to the root.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sender’s bridge ID: Sender’s priority concatenated to MAC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sender’s port ID: The port number, transmitted as final tie-breaker.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hello time: Two seconds by default.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forward Delay: 15 seconds by default.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Max Age: 20 seconds by default.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Port Type Selection:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order of criteria a switch goes through when deciding its Root and Designated ports is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The port with the lowest cumulative Root Path Cost will be the Root port/Designated port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If tied between multiple ports, the port that connects to the neighboring switch with the lowest Bridge ID becomes the Root port/Designated port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there are multiple connections to that same switch, the port with the lowest assigned STP priority will be the Root port/Designated port.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If tied, the port with the lowest hardware number (Fa0/1 is lower than Fa0/2) will be the Root port/Designated port.&lt;br /&gt;Blocked:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Blocked port is neither the Root port nor the Designated port, but is part of the redundant links between switches. In other words, it lost in the election to choose the active Root or Designated ports, but it might take over one of these roles if the active port failed. A Blocked port is the one that actually stops the loop, so it is just as important as the Root or Designated. A Blocked port does not send data; it only receives BPDUs.&lt;br /&gt;Convergence:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Convergence is the term used to describe the process STP goes through to achieve a stable, loop-free network. (The same term is used with reference to routing information stability as well.) When all switches have elected the Root and decided on their Root, Designated, and Blocked ports, the system is said to be converged.&lt;br /&gt;Port States:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With 802.1d STP, each port on each switch goes through four distinct port states in the process of convergence:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Blocking: When a switch boots up, all ports start in the blocking state. This is to prevent loops during the time that the STP topology is converging. A port that is a link between switches will stay blocked unless it becomes a Root or Designated port. Blocked ports send no data at all (not even BPDUs), but they do listen for (receive) BPDUs from other switches. All ports will also go to Blocking mode if a Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU is received. TCNs are issued when a new link is added or removed the topology of the switched system is altered. When this happens, STP reacts by blocking all ports until loop-free convergence is achieved. If a switch dies or a link between switches fails, the other switches connected to it wait for a specific time until they begin the STP convergence process. This interval is called the Max Age Timer, and by default it is 20 seconds. Effectively, it means that a switch will wait until it has missed 10 BPDUs (which are sent every 2 seconds) from a connected switch before it kicks in the STP recalculation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Listening: The Listening state enables a Blocked port to begin sending its own BPDUs. By default, the Listening state is 15 seconds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learning: The Learning state is when the switch begins populating its MAC address table. It is not yet forwarding any frames, but it is getting ready to forward by building as complete a MAC table as it can. The Listening state is also 15 seconds by default. The Listening and Learning states together are called&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;the Forward Delay, and you might see their two 15-second timers represented as a single 30-second timer called the Forward Delay Timer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forwarding: The Forwarding state, as its name implies, is when the port starts forwarding frames. This is simply normal operation for a port that is not blocked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you take a quick look at these states and their timers, you can see that in 802.1d STP, reaching convergence can take anywhere from 30 to 50 seconds (Forward Delay [15+15]+ MaxAge[20] = 50 seconds). Understand that during this 30 to 50 seconds, no frames are being forwarded at all—no data is being sent anywhere because every port on every switch is Blocking, Listening, or Learning. This is, of course, very detrimental to the productivity and utility of a network, especially a modern, busy one. A 50-second delay every time a topology change happens is unacceptable, so Cisco (and then the IEEE) created several enhancements to 802.1d STP to speed up the process of convergence. Some of these enhancements are discussed in the following section.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;RSTP Enhancements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Rapid Spanning Tree protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w—remember, 802.1w is Rapid Spanning Tree) has many of its roots in Cisco-created enhancements to ordinary 802.1d STP. The primary goal of these enhancements is to speed up convergence. There are no timers in RSTP; instead, the BPDU becomes much more detailed and informative so that switches can gather more information with greater accuracy. New port states have been defined as shown in bellow Table;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suvu7GHgfnI/AAAAAAAAAO8/qtirpgC1eS8/s1600-h/4.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 293px; height: 213px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suvu7GHgfnI/AAAAAAAAAO8/qtirpgC1eS8/s320/4.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398671277355466354" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Understanding STP Operation(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/understanding-stp-operation.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;What is Layer2 Switching?(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/layer-2-switching.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2047121755689077784?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2047121755689077784/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=2047121755689077784&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2047121755689077784'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2047121755689077784'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/spanning-tree-is-protocol-that-prevents.html' title='What is Spanning tree protocol'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuvtI1Dlw4I/AAAAAAAAAOk/4JI8NsEzOC4/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6013612571696310086</id><published>2009-10-30T15:06:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-30T15:22:17.357+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='microsoft training video'/><title type='text'>CBT Nuggets windows 2008(70-642)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suq0eX7UKsI/AAAAAAAAAOc/HmnIiJNiclU/s1600-h/c.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 201px; height: 204px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suq0eX7UKsI/AAAAAAAAAOc/HmnIiJNiclU/s320/c.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398325537268837058" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CBT Nuggets MCTS Windows 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuring Exam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New feature in MCTS 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Network Access Protection (NAP). NAP prevents unhealthy computers from connecting to your production network.&lt;br /&gt;Here’s an example: a user takes a laptop out of office and misses the latest antivirus updates. When he returns, his laptop is placed on a restricted network that only allows him to download updates.&lt;br /&gt;* Windows Server Backup (WSB). WSB is so powerful that you can potentially recover a failed system — fully! This is a big paradigm shift compared to previous and third party backup methods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id="more-14104"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP). This virtual private network technology allows you to connect VPN clients without opening additional firewall exceptions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Video from NETLOAD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateibKUaesxilA/CBT.70.642-.part01.rar.htm"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/datei0Xvpg7GzRs/CBT.70.642-.part02.rar.htm"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiYxQm6toSvU/CBT.70.642-.part03.rar.htm"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateilhNbrIbwPt/CBT.70.642-.part04.rar.htm"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiCvLcWi8tar/CBT.70.642-.part05.rar.htm"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/datei8cGpxmXgYn/CBT.70.642-.part06.rar.htm"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiAsbEBM5RRL/CBT.70.642-.part07.rar.htm"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiN5Fh0PxnBH/CBT.70.642-.part08.rar.htm"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiXu1GpVEjb2/CBT.70.642-.part09.rar.htm"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/datei8dDQk65uYU/CBT.70.642-.part10.rar.htm"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateihQGMv7U5Fw/CBT.70.642-.part11.rar.htm"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Video From Filefactory&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b72/n/CBT_70_642-_part01_rar/"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7h/n/CBT_70_642-_part02_rar/"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7c/n/CBT_70_642-_part03_rar/"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b65/n/CBT_70_642-_part04_rar/"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7f/n/CBT_70_642-_part05_rar/"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7a/n/CBT_70_642-_part06_rar/"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7d/n/CBT_70_642-_part07_rar/"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b75/n/CBT_70_642-_part08_rar/"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b94/n/CBT_70_642-_part09_rar/"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b7g/n/CBT_70_642-_part10_rar/"&gt;Part10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0g0b64/n/CBT_70_642-_part11_rar/"&gt;Part11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download WinRar key and other(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/144804424/e2f885c7/mynetworkplanetblogspotcom.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6013612571696310086?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6013612571696310086/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6013612571696310086&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6013612571696310086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6013612571696310086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/cbt-nuggets-windows-200870-642.html' title='CBT Nuggets windows 2008(70-642)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suq0eX7UKsI/AAAAAAAAAOc/HmnIiJNiclU/s72-c/c.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-3352245674075758927</id><published>2009-10-30T14:43:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-30T15:05:34.141+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='microsoft training video'/><title type='text'>CBT Nuggets70-647 video tutorial</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CBT Nuggets Exam Pack 70-647 Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Administrator&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p&gt;MCITP Prerequisites&lt;br /&gt;Passing the 70-647 exam earns you MCITP: Server 2008 Enterprise Administrator certification when combined with one of the following:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* A valid MCSE 2003 certification, plus passing: 70-649 and either 70-620 or 70-624.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* A valid MCSA 2003 certification, plus passing: 70-648 and 70-643 and either 70-620 or 70-624&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Passing: 70-640, 70-642, 70-643 and either 70-620 or 70-624&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Exam-Pack 070-647 Professional: Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Administrator contains the following videos:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Design Active Directory Forests and Domains&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Forest and Domain Functional Levels&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* UPN and ADPREP&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Trust Relationships&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Active Directory Physical Topology&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Global Catalog, Universal Group Membership Caching, Printer Location Policy&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* “Read Only Domain Controllers (RODC)” (free video)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* The Active Directory Administrative Model&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Enterprise-Level Group Policy Strategy&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Upgrade and Migrate Domains, Interoperability&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* IP Addressing&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* DNS&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Network Access&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Terminal Services&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Application Delivery&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Business Continuity&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Software Updates&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Compliance Management&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Virtualization Strategy&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Data Management and Access&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Designing a PKI Part 1&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Designing a PKI Part 2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;* Designing a PKI Part 3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suqx05I2VAI/AAAAAAAAAOU/m7ot1yvj0R8/s1600-h/c.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 201px; height: 204px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suqx05I2VAI/AAAAAAAAAOU/m7ot1yvj0R8/s320/c.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398322625606210562" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298058920/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298056828/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298056478/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part3.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298055987/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part4.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298055186/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part5.rar"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298056695/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part6.rar"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/298055892/CBT.Nuggets.Exam.Pack.70-647.Windows.Server.2008.Enterprise.Administrator.DVD-iRONiSO.part7.rar"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-3352245674075758927?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/3352245674075758927/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=3352245674075758927&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3352245674075758927'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3352245674075758927'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/cbt-nuggets70-647-video-tutorial.html' title='CBT Nuggets70-647 video tutorial'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Suqx05I2VAI/AAAAAAAAAOU/m7ot1yvj0R8/s72-c/c.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-1269075395703332001</id><published>2009-10-30T13:39:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-30T13:57:53.719+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='software'/><title type='text'>VMWARE Workstation7.0 With Key</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;VMware Workstation is a virtual machine software suite for x86 and x86-64 computers from VMware, a division of EMC Corporation. This software suite allows users to set up multiple x86 and x86-64 virtual computers and to use one or more of these virtual machines simultaneously with the hosting operating system. Each virtual machine instance can execute its own guest operating system, such as Windows, Linux, BSD variants, or others. In simple terms, VMware Workstation allows one physical machine to run multiple operating systems simultaneously. Other VMware products help manage or migrate VMware virtual machines across multiple host machines.&lt;br /&gt;Besides bridging to existing host network adapters, CD-ROM devices, hard disk drives, and USB devices (including USB Isochronous devices such as webcams, microphones etc), VMware Workstation also provides the ability to simulate some hardware. For example, it can mount an ISO file as a CD-ROM, and .vmdk files as hard disks; and can configure its network adapter driver to use network address translation (NAT) through the host machine rather than bridging through it (which would require an IP address for each guest machine on the host network).&lt;br /&gt;VMware Workstation also allows the testing of live CDs without first burning them onto physical discs or rebooting the computer. One can also take multiple successive snapshots of an operating system running under VMware Workstation. Each snapshot allows you to roll back the virtual machine to the saved status at any time. The ability to use multiple snapshots makes VMware Workstation useful as a tool for salespersons demonstrating complex software products, and for developers setting up virtual development or test environments. VMware Workstation includes the ability to designate multiple virtual machines as a team which administrators can then power on and off, suspend, and resume as a single object — making it particularly useful for testing client-server environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download From Mega upload:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=A186VEWD"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=JYSCJT2B"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=P69RRTMB"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download From File Factory:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a07c3ad/n/VMware_Workstation_7_0_build_203739_Windows_x86_x64_part3_rar/"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a07c298/n/VMware_Workstation_7_0_build_203739_Windows_x86_x64_part1_rar/"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a07c297/n/VMware_Workstation_7_0_build_203739_Windows_x86_x64_part2_rar/"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Key and password(&lt;a href="http://dc170.4shared.com/download/144804424/e2f885c7/mynetworkplanetblogspotcom.rar"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-1269075395703332001?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/1269075395703332001/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=1269075395703332001&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1269075395703332001'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1269075395703332001'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/vmware-workstation70-with-key.html' title='VMWARE Workstation7.0 With Key'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-7274602840427612948</id><published>2009-10-27T17:11:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-31T17:14:15.525+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCNA Security'/><title type='text'>Complete CCNA Security( Video,E-Book,Dumps)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div  style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;CCNA Security is a new Associate Level certification designed to build upon  the CCNA certification and as a prerequisite for the CCSP - Cisco Certified  Security Professional certification. The Cisco CCNA Security certification  validates the knowledge required to install, troubleshoot, and monitor Cisco  security network devices. In addition, CCNA Security confirms an individual's  skills for job roles such as network security specialist, security  administrator, and network security support engineer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The official study guide helps you master all the topics on the IINS exam, including&lt;br /&gt;Network security threats&lt;br /&gt;Security policies&lt;br /&gt;Network perimeter defense&lt;br /&gt;AAA configuration&lt;br /&gt;Router security&lt;br /&gt;Switch security&lt;br /&gt;Endpoint security&lt;br /&gt;SAN security&lt;br /&gt;VoIP security&lt;br /&gt;IOS firewalls&lt;br /&gt;Cisco IOS® IPS&lt;br /&gt;Cryptography&lt;br /&gt;Digital signatures&lt;br /&gt;PKI and asymmetric encryption&lt;br /&gt;IPsec VPNs&lt;br /&gt;This volume is part of the Exam Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press®. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.&lt;br /&gt;Category: Cisco Press—Cisco Certification&lt;br /&gt;Covers: IINS exam 640-553&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNA Security Benefits:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Takes full advantage of the CCNA certification as the foundation for    careers in Cisco security technologies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Prepares you for new career opportunities in security networking &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Represents an important step toward the Cisco CCSP® and other    professional-level Cisco certifications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Download CCNA Security Video :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiTKI5GH7RFI/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part01.rar.htm"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiQZMXhLDdR9/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part02.rar.htm"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiFgt9KWjHlX/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part03.rar.htm"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiTuTSGPZL1t/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part04.rar.htm"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateihAJlfubsz4/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part05.rar.htm"&gt;Part5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateieioHjlOTNa/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part06.rar.htm"&gt;Part6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiMPCVm5qGNW/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part07.rar.htm"&gt;Part7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiajpNCsXx8v/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part08.rar.htm"&gt;Part8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://netload.in/dateiETOvNMfFD1/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNA.Security.640-553.IINS-DDUiSO.part09.rar.htm"&gt;Part9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;E-Book(CISCO Press):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139983567/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139985778/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139987257/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part3.rar"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/rapidshare.com/files/139981909/WarungPlus.CiscoPress.Security.part4.rar"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Download Latest P4S CCNA Security 640-533 4.38 138 q/a:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/145108366/a67bd2ae/P4S_640-553_v438_Full.html"&gt;Link1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_MainContentPlaceholder_ctl01_ctl00_lblEntry"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-7274602840427612948?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/7274602840427612948/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=7274602840427612948&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/7274602840427612948'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/7274602840427612948'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/complete-ccna-security-videoe-bookdumps.html' title='Complete CCNA Security( Video,E-Book,Dumps)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-8681567945669454407</id><published>2009-10-27T12:16:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-31T17:26:00.050+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ccna Wireless'/><title type='text'>Complete CCNA Wireless640-721(dumps,video,e-books)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The 640-721 IUWNE Implementing Cisco Unified Wireless Network Essential exam is the exam associated with the CCNA Wireless certification. This exam tests a candidate's knowledge of installing, configuring, operating, and troubleshooting small to medium-size WLANs. Candidates can prepare for this exam by taking the IUWNE Implementing Cisco Unified Wireless Network Essential course.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;The official study guide helps you master all the topics on the IUWNE exam, including:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;WLAN RF principles&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;WLAN technologies and      topologies&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Antennae concepts&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;802.11 protocols&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Wireless media access&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Wired to wireless network      packet delivery&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Cisco Unified Wireless      Networks basic architecture&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Controller discovery,      association, and configuration&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Adding mobility with roaming&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Migrating standalone AP to      LWAPP&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Mobility Express      architecture&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Wireless clients&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;Installing and configuring      the WCS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  Securing, maintaining, and      troubleshooting wireless networks&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Latest Dumps:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rs454.rapidshare.com/files/170566523/P4S-EX-640-721.rar"&gt;Dumps1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CBT Nuggets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/143988654/da60de3c/CBT_Nuggets_CCNA_Wirelesspart1.html"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/143988748/cb0fc961/CBT_Nuggets_CCNA_Wirelesspart2.html"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/143988876/cc6f098/Copy_of_CBT_Nuggets_CCNA_Wirelesspart3.html"&gt;Part3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/143988991/de32282/CBT_Nuggets_CCNA_Wirelesspart4.html"&gt;Part4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;E-Books:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/140398789/bdaea6b0/CCNA_Wireless_Official_Certification_Guide.html"&gt;CCNA Wireless Official Certification Guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/43701363/8cf489aa/CCNA_3_-_Switching_and_Wireless.html"&gt;Switching And Wireless PDF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/106871569/6fcc65b8/PPTs_CCNA_Wireless.html"&gt;PPTS CCNA Wireless&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-8681567945669454407?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/8681567945669454407/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=8681567945669454407&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8681567945669454407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8681567945669454407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/ccna-wireless.html' title='Complete CCNA Wireless640-721(dumps,video,e-books)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-8214344346999972219</id><published>2009-10-26T18:16:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-26T18:25:09.865+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='layer2 switching'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Difference between bridge and switch'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spanning tree protocol'/><title type='text'>Understanding STP Operation</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us look at network diagram to understand the root Switch path&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWakSttcFI/AAAAAAAAAN0/eRWYWbrECQQ/s1600-h/9.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 195px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWakSttcFI/AAAAAAAAAN0/eRWYWbrECQQ/s400/9.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396889676762935378" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:595.45pt 841.7pt; 	margin:.5in .5in .5in .5in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Switch2, Switch3 and Switch6 are directly connected to root Switch via interface Gi0/1. Since they are directly connected, they will choose the same port to reach to the root Switch.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Now we have Switch4 and Switch5. Let us first talk about Switch4. There are three paths for Switch4 to reach to the root Switch. First via Switch2, second via Switch5 &amp;amp; Switch3, third via Switch5 &amp;amp; Switch6. As mentioned earlier, first, the path which has lowest cost will be given preference.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Path via Switch2 has cost 4 + 4 = 8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Path via Switch5 &amp;amp; Switch3 has cost 19 + 19 + 4 = 42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Path via Switch5 &amp;amp; Switch6 has cost 19 + 19 + 4 = 42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Path that has got lowest path value will be chosen and hence interface F0/1 of Switch4 will be placed in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;blocked mode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt; by STP.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Again for Switch5 there are three paths one, First via Switch4 &amp;amp; Switch2. Second is via Switch3. Third is via Switch6. Let us calculate the cost of each path.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;First path via Switch4 &amp;amp; Switch2, cost will be 19 + 4 + 4 = 27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Second path via Switch3, cost will be 19 + 4 = 23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Third path via Switch6, cost will be 19 + 4 = 23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Since cost path via Switch4 &amp;amp; Switch2 has more cost path as compare to other two, this path will never be chosen to reach to the root Switch.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;There is a tie in path via Switch3 and Switch6, so Switch will consider the second point to choose the path i.e. choosing the neighboring Switch if it is attached to root Switch. In this case both the neighboring Switches are directly connected to root Switch, tie again!! Now the third point will be considered i.e. port priority. By default all ports have same priority, 32768, tie again!!! Now the fourth option will be chosen to decide the path. Interface F0/1 is connected to Switch6 and interface F0/3 is connected to Switch3. F0/1 is lower number than F0/3, Switch5 will always use Switch6 to reach to root Switch.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;STP blocks port F0/1 of Switch4 and F0/3 of Switch5 to avoid Layer-2 loops.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;What is Layer2 switching?(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/layer-2-switching.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;What is Spanning Tree Protocol?(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/spanning-tree-protocol.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-8214344346999972219?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/8214344346999972219/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=8214344346999972219&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8214344346999972219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8214344346999972219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/understanding-stp-operation.html' title='Understanding STP Operation'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWakSttcFI/AAAAAAAAAN0/eRWYWbrECQQ/s72-c/9.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-273690864004079294</id><published>2009-10-26T17:11:00.017+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-26T18:34:01.978+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Difference between bridge and switch'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spanning tree protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='switching'/><title type='text'>Layer-2 Switching</title><content type='html'>&lt;div face="georgia" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Main function of a bridge or switches is to solve bandwidth and collision problems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Bridge or switch break up the network into multiple segment, where each segment will have fewer device hence fewer collision.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This segmentation is called as micro segmentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Each port of a switch or bridge acts as a separate collision domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Collision occurred on one port of these port are part of a single broadcast domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch and bridge can’t filter broadcast traffic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch use application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to build and maintain their filter tables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switch works at data link layer (Layer-2) of OSI model and are capable to reading frames.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;A switch knows which devices are connected to which of its port by learning MAC address (MAC address) of each device.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: georgia;" face="georgia"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Layer 2 switch and bridge are faster then routers because they don’t take up time looking at the network layer header information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Instead, they looks at the frames hardware address’s before deciding to either forward, flood or drop the frame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switches increase number of collision domain in the network but reducing their size.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;But switched/bridge network have a large broadcast domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Bridge by default break up a broadcast domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt; 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color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Bridge Vs. Switch:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWLoWZeMoI/AAAAAAAAAM0/Jf2nvj5gmGw/s1600-h/1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 207px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWLoWZeMoI/AAAAAAAAAM0/Jf2nvj5gmGw/s400/1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396873253796852354" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-left: 0.25in; 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	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="doctext"  style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Bridges were developed to address this issue. A bridge&lt;a name="them_and"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; isolates one collision domain from another while still connecting them and selectively allowing frames to pass from one to the other. A switch&lt;a name="a_switch"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is simply a bigger, faster bridge. Every port on a switch or bridge is its own collision domain. The terms bridge and switch can be used interchangeably when discussing their basic operations; we use the term switch because switches are more modern and more common.&lt;a name="iddle1050"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1118"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1119"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1120"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1451"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1459"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1567"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1655"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1657"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1905"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1907"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2498"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2499"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2599"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2614"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2643"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2724"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2779"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; A switch must do three things:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div face="georgia" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="doclist"  style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Address Learning&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div face="georgia" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="doclist"  style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Frame Forwarding&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="doclist"  style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Layer 2 &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Loop&lt;/st1:place&gt; Removal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h5  style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Address Learning:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="docemphasis"&gt;Address learning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="intelligent_capability"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; refers to the intelligent capability of switches to dynamically learn the source MAC addresses of devices that are connected to its various ports. These addresses are stored in RAM in a table that lists the address and the port on which a frame was last received from that address. This enables a switch to selectively forward the frame out the appropriate port(s), based on the destination MAC address of the frame.&lt;a name="device_that"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Anytime a device that is connected to a switch sends a frame through the switch, the switch records the source MAC address of the frame in a table and associates that address with the port the frame arrived on. &lt;a name="illustrates_a"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;In bellow picture illustrates a switch that has learned the MAC addresses of the three hosts connected to it, as well as the ports to which they are connected.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMAX-LTGI/AAAAAAAAAM8/n5zNocTMshU/s1600-h/2.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 364px; height: 324px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMAX-LTGI/AAAAAAAAAM8/n5zNocTMshU/s400/2.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396873666536098914" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Frame Forwarding:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt; &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;After a switch has learned the MAC addresses of the devices connected to it, it can intelligently forward unicast frames to the correct host by comparing the destination MAC of the frame with the addresses in its MAC table; when it finds a match, it then sends the frame out the port associated with that entry. Bellow picture illustrates the forwarding decision made by the switch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMVp4WUqI/AAAAAAAAANE/cHQ-ts0GDyc/s1600-h/3.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 365px; height: 259px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMVp4WUqI/AAAAAAAAANE/cHQ-ts0GDyc/s400/3.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396874032120746658" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This is where switches create such a benefit to an ethernet network: If a switch knows the port to which the destination MAC is connected, the switch will send the frame out that port and only that port. This prevents the traffic from being unnecessarily sent to hosts that it is not intended for, significantly improving the efficiency of the network. This is in sharp contrast to the behavior of a hub, which always sends all frames out all ports except the one it came in on (to avoid a false collision detection by the sending station).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1123"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1650"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="which_a"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;There are some situations in which a switch cannot make its forwarding decision, however. Consider the case in which one of the hosts sends out a broadcast. The MAC address for a broadcast is FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF; this is effectively the MAC address of all hosts because every host in a broadcast domain must receive &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"&gt;&lt;/object&gt; &lt;style&gt; st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Times-Roman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} h4 	{mso-style-next:Normal; 	margin-top:12.0pt; 	margin-right:0in; 	margin-bottom:3.0pt; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	page-break-after:avoid; 	mso-outline-level:4; 	font-size:14.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman";} h5 	{mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0in; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	mso-outline-level:5; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.doctext, li.doctext, div.doctext 	{mso-style-name:doctext; 	mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0in; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.docemphasis 	{mso-style-name:docemphasis;} span.docemphroman 	{mso-style-name:docemphroman;} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:1698699695; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-1697761238 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;all broadcasts. When the switch receives a broadcast frame &lt;a name="iddle1458"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1566"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1652"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1658"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1906"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1938"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2613"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2644"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="the_source"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;inbound on one of its ports, it will check that the source MAC is correctly listed in its MAC table (and update it if necessary) and check the destination MAC of the frame for a match in the table. Because FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF matches the MAC of all hosts, the switch must &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="docemphasis"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;flood&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a name="one_it"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; the frame-it sends it out every port (except the one it came in on) so that the broadcast frame will reach all possible hosts. At this point, the switch is behaving like a hub. This also illustrates why switches (by default) do not segment broadcast domains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h4 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a name="optimally_efficient"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Switching Modes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1310"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1315"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1453"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1467"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1608"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2538"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2608"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2637"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="frame_to"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switches examine the source and destination MAC in a frame to build their MAC table and make their forwarding decision. Exactly how they do that is the topic of this section. You need to be aware of three switching modes: Store and Forward, Cut Through, and Fragment Free.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h5 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a name="ch06lev3sec3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;  &lt;h5 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Store and Forward:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="basic_mode"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Store and Forward is the basic mode that bridges and switches use. It is the only mode that bridges can use, but many switches can use one or more of the other modes as well, depending on the model. In &lt;span class="docemphroman"&gt;Store-and-Forward switching&lt;/span&gt;, the entire frame is buffered (copied into memory) and the &lt;span class="docemphroman"&gt;Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="is_run"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, also known as the FCS or Frame Check Sequence is run to ensure that the frame is valid and not corrupted.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;  &lt;h5 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Cut Through:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="first_six"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Cut Through is the fastest switching mode. The switch analyzes the first six bytes after the preamble of the frame to make its forwarding decision. Those six bytes are the destination MAC address, which, if you think about it, is the minimum amount of information a switch has to look at to switch efficiently. After the forwarding decision has been made, the switch can begin to send the frame out the appropriate port(s), even if the rest of the frame is still arriving at the inbound port. The chief advantage of &lt;span class="docemphroman"&gt;Cut-Through switching&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="is_spent"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is speed; no time is spent running the CRC, and the frame is forwarded as fast as possible. The disadvantage is clearly that bad frames will be switched along with the good. Because the CRC/FCS is not being checked, we might be propagating bad frames. This would be a bad thing in a busy network, so some vendor’s support a mechanism in which the CRCs are still checked but no action is taken until the count of bad CRCs reaches a threshold that causes the switch to change to Store-and-Forward mode.&lt;a name="ch06lev3sec5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;  &lt;h5 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Fragment Free:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1457"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1460"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1462"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1563"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1609"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1613"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle1619"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2417"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2612"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2616"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="iddle2618"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="a_switching"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Fragment-Free mode is a switching method that picks a compromise between the reliability of Store and Forward and the speed of Cut Through. The theory here is that frames that are damaged (usually by collisions) are often shorter than the minimum valid ethernet frame size of 64 bytes. A fragment-Free buffer the first 64 bytes of each frame, updates the source MAC and port if necessary, reads the destination MAC, and forwards the frame. If the frame is less than 64 bytes, it is discarded. Frames that are smaller than 64 bytes are called &lt;span class="docemphasis"&gt;runts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="switching_is"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; Fragment-Free switching is sometimes called "runt less" switching for this reason. Because the switch only ever buffers 64 bytes of each frame, Fragment Free is a faster mode than Store and Forward, but there still exists a risk of forwarding bad frames, so the previously described mechanisms to change to Store and Forward if excessive bad CRCs are received are often implemented as well.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Layer-2 &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Loop&lt;/st1:place&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Ethernet network design balances two separate imperatives. First, Ethernet has no capacity for detecting circular paths. If such paths exist, traffic loops around and accumulates until new traffic is shut out (this is called a broadcast storm). Second, having secondary paths is good preparation for inevitable link failure. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Considering the high availability and uptime of LAN network resources, it is required to build some kind of redundancy in the network design. As shown in bellow figure, all Switches are connected to each other so that if one link fails, frames can reach to the Switches using another path. But this type of connectivity might create Layer-2 loops in the network. When loop occur, frames circles around and around in the network forever, creating high utilization problems. Here is an example of how loop occurs when there are multiple paths available to reach to the destination. If a device connected to Switch3 generates a frame, Switch3 adds the source MAC address and port number in its MAC address table. If Switch3 does not know where the destination is located, it will flood the frame to Switch1 and Switch2 on its two uplink ports. If both Switches doesn’t know where the destination is, they also flood the frame across the links between them and the receiver Switch again sends back the frame to the Switch1 and Switch2 on its two uplink ports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMxMI7yDI/AAAAAAAAANM/9Stusyal9B8/s1600-h/4.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 329px; height: 322px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWMxMI7yDI/AAAAAAAAANM/9Stusyal9B8/s400/4.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396874505173583922" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Switch1 and Switch2 on its two uplink ports. If both Switches doesn’t know where the destination is, they also flood the frame across the links between them and the receiver Switch again sends back the frame to the originator Switch i.e. Switch3. This creates a problem. When Switch3 receives this frame, since Switch3 does not know where the destination device is located, again floods the frame to Switch1 and Switch2. Thus the frame keeps on rotating around and around in the network. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) developed the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt; which is used to prevent Layer-2 loops. STP removes loops in the network but still allows redundant network connectivity.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Switching loops create three major problems:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" class="docemphroman" &gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Broadcast storms&lt;a name="looped_topology"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; Switches must flood broadcasts, so a looped topology will create multiple copies of a single broadcast and perpetually cycle them through the loop.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="docemphroman"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;MAC table instability&lt;a name="is_reachable"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Loops make it appear that a single MAC address is reachable on multiple ports of a switch, and the switch is constantly updating the MAC table.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="docemphroman"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Duplicate frames&lt;a name="single_MAC"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Because there are multiple paths to a single MAC, it is possible that a frame could be duplicated in order to be flooded out all paths to a single destination MAC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;What is Spanning Tree Protocol?(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/spanning-tree-protocol.html"&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="doctext" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Understanding STP Operation(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/understanding-stp-operation.html"&gt;Click here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;style&gt; v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt; 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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle="miter"&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:406.5pt;"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Trupti\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" title="SW2"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-273690864004079294?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/273690864004079294/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=273690864004079294&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/273690864004079294'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/273690864004079294'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/layer-2-switching.html' title='Layer-2 Switching'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuWLoWZeMoI/AAAAAAAAAM0/Jf2nvj5gmGw/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-8036684086191342975</id><published>2009-10-25T17:59:00.014+05:30</published><updated>2009-11-11T19:52:24.482+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCNP video'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ebooks'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dumps'/><title type='text'>Complete CCNP(E-Books,Video,Dumps)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The CCNP certification (Cisco Certified Network Professional) is Cisco's professional-level networking certification. Candidates who earn this accreditation are able to install, configure and troubleshoot LAN's and WAN's, and can do so for small and large enterprises. The CCNP exams cover a wide range of networking concepts with attention given to specialized topics such as security, converged networks, quality of service (QoS), virtual private networks (VPN) and broadband technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In order gain the CCNP certification, candidates must first gain the CCNA certification and then go on to pass up to four CCNP exams (Cisco offers two distinct paths for candidates pursuing the CCNP, one that requires 4 exams to be passed while the other requires three.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Path 1 (4 exams):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;642-901 BSCI Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)&lt;br /&gt;642-812 BCMSN Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)&lt;br /&gt;642-825 ISCW Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (ISCW)&lt;br /&gt;642-845 ONT Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Path 2 (3 exams):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;642-892 Composite Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) - 120 minutes duration&lt;br /&gt;642-825 ISCW Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (ISCW)&lt;br /&gt;642-845 ONT Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The difference between the two paths is that in path 2, the 642-892 exam is two exams combined (642-901 and 642-812). There are obvious pro's and con's in taking either route, but the subject matter covered in the exams is the same regardless of which path a candidate chooses. Candidates opting for path 1 will pay slightly more overall for the cost of the CCNP certification as they will have to pay for 4 exams. Candidates opting for path 2 will undoubtedly need to put in more time and effort to prepare for the composite exam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;CCNP certification is valid for three years, after which time recertification is required if an individual wants to remain CCNP certified. Recertification involves passing any '642' designated professional-level exam or passing any current CCIE written exam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNP Composite:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNP Composite 642-892 &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;p4s&lt;/span&gt;(6.99)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://rapidshare.com/files/276204111/P4S_642-892_6.99_Full.rar"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Download&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCNP Composite 642-892 &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;p4s&lt;/span&gt;(6.99).PDF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/kyytzecznwm/P4S_642-892_v6.99_399QPDF.rar"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNP Composite 642-892 &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Actualtest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ujmv3tgyjog/AT%20642-892.rar"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dumps Pass4sure Latest (BSCI, BCMSN, ISCW, ONT)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latest Pass4sure p4s ccnp 642-901 BSCI version 3.12 with 356 Q/A update&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/208987617/642-901310_jan-22-09_.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NOTE:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; file Exam engine .jar to run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;P4S CCNP ISCW Dumps (latest, sept 23)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/6611361/P4S_ISCW_6.50_Full.rar.html"&gt;http://www.ziddu.com/download/6611361/P4S_ISCW_6.50_Full.rar.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;BSCI Latest dumps&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;p4s 6.85 latest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/126951007/2b5caa6a/BSCI_P4S-v685_PDF.html"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Download&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;or&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;P4S 642-901 385Q.rar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/122371426/467004b7/P4S_BSCI____642-901_385Q.html"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/147658347/P4S_642-812_V3.10.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/147664200/P4S_642-825_v3.10.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/149305837/642-9013.10.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/149309181/P4S_642-845_3.10.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/163751166/P4S_642-892_3.27.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNP Video Tutorials (CBT Nuggets)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;BSCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From HOT FILE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hotfile.com/dl/9206306/bcf9ba5/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part1.rar.html"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hotfile.com/dl/9206315/6df895c/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part2.rar.html"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From FILE FACTORY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/Download%20CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part2.rar%20from%20FileFactory.com"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/Download%20CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part1.rar%20from%20FileFactory.com"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From RAPIDSHARE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/260266131/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part1.rar"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/260263433/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part2.rar"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From NETLOAD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.netload.in/dateiiJ7JuUe3x0/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part1.rar.htm"&gt;Part1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.netload.in/dateiUpSWBcbDdi/CBT.Nuggets.Cisco.CCNP.Exam-Pack.642-901.BSCI.part2.rar.htm"&gt;Part2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;BCMSN &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83213844/nuggetsBCMSN.part1.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83215417/nuggetsBCMSN.part2.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;ISCW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145459736/ISCW.part01.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145461016/ISCW.part02.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145462187/ISCW.part03.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145463342/ISCW.part04.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145464534/ISCW.part05.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145465713/ISCW.part06.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145466950/ISCW.part07.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145468149/ISCW.part08.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145469160/ISCW.part09.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;ONT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145470407/ONT.part01.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145471678/ONT.part02.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145472882/ONT.part03.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145474071/ONT.part04.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145475289/ONT.part05.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145476538/ONT.part06.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145477788/ONT.part07.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145479012/ONT.part08.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/145479486/ONT.part09.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CCNP Video Trainsignal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;BSCI &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83246036/trainsBSCI.part1.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83249456/trainsBSCI.part2.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83252671/trainsBSCI.part3.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83255195/trainsBSCI.part4.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;BCMSN &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83223748/trainsBCMSN.part3.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83221283/trainsBCMSN.part2.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83218384/trainsBCMSN.part1.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;ONT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83232804/trainsONT.part1.rar&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/83234952/trainsONT.part2.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;E-Books&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;BSCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;CISCO Press CCNP BSCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/192267595/ccnp.bsci.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Command guide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/82559138/d4916866/CCNP_BSCI_Portable_Command_Guide_2007.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;ONT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Quick Reference Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/192275302/ccnp_ont_qref.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Commnad Guide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/192267919/CCNP_ONT_Portable_Comm.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;BCMSN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Quick Reference Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/192275316/ccnp_bcmsn_quick_ref.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Command Guide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/117830121/25934add/642-812_BCMSN_-_Portable_Command_Guide_-_Scott_Empson_-_169_pg.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ISCW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Quick Reference Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/192275404/CCNP_ISCW_Q_Ref.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-size:100%;" &gt;Command Guide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/82551915/53b10f0e/CCNP_ISCW_PortableCommandGuideMar2008.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-8036684086191342975?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/8036684086191342975/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=8036684086191342975&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8036684086191342975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8036684086191342975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/complete-ccnpe-booksvideodumps.html' title='Complete CCNP(E-Books,Video,Dumps)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6768294109667211077</id><published>2009-10-25T16:13:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T16:29:45.001+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CISCO IOS 12.4 for GNS3'/><title type='text'>CISCO IOS v12.4 For GNS3</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Download CISCO IOS v12.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C02%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink 	{color:blue; 	text-decoration:underline; 	text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed 	{color:purple; 	text-decoration:underline; 	text-underline:single;} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C04%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt; 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	text-decoration:underline; 	text-underline:single;} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;c1700-adventerprisek9-mz.124-1a.bin&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/134440330/c1700-adventerprisek9-mz.124-1a.bin&lt;br /&gt;c1700-k9o3sy7-mz.124-1a_20_281_29.bin&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/134439494/c1700-k9o3sy7-mz.124-1a_20_281_29.bin&lt;br /&gt;c1700-advsecurityk9-mz.124-3.bin&lt;/p&gt; 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 &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/134439658/c181x-advipservicesk9-mz.124-2.T1.bin&lt;br /&gt;C820-Ov6y6-Mz_20124-3.bin&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/134437713/C820-Ov6y6-Mz_20124-3.bin&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6768294109667211077?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6768294109667211077/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6768294109667211077&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6768294109667211077'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6768294109667211077'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/cisco-ios-v124-for-gns3.html' title='CISCO IOS v12.4 For GNS3'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6602016484264964836</id><published>2009-10-25T16:04:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T17:47:14.773+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CCIE'/><title type='text'>CCIE Certification Video</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Cisco CCIE Certification Package&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Series Intro: So you want to be a CCIE&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced LAN Configuration (Part 1): Cat 3550, VLANs, VTP, and EtherChannel&lt;br /&gt;* LAN Configuration (Part 2): Cat 3550, Spanning Tree Protocol&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced LAN Configuration (Part 3): Cat 3550, Advanced Features&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced WAN Configuration (Part 1): HDLC &amp;amp; PPP&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced WAN Configuration (Part 2): Frame Relay&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced WAN Configuration (Part 3): Frame Relay Traffic Shaping and ATM&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced WAN Configuration (Part 4): ISDN&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 1): Distance Vector Challenges and RIPv2&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 2): Advanced EIGRP Configuration&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 3): OSPF, Key Concepts&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 4): Foundation OSPF Configuration&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 5): Advanced OSPF Configuration: NBMA Networks&lt;br /&gt;* Internal Routing Protocols (Part 6): Advanced OSPF Configuration: Practical Example&lt;br /&gt;* Routing Protocols (Part 7): Understanding and Configuring the IS-IS Protocol&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 1): Routing the Unroutable: Router Bridging Technology&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 2): Data Link Switching Plus (DLSW+)&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 3): Voice over IP (VoIP)&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 4): Network Address Translation (NAT)&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 5): HSRP and NTP&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 6): Understanding IP Access-Lists&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 7): Multicast Routing Concepts&lt;br /&gt;* Advanced Router Technology (Part 8): Configuring Multicast Routing&lt;br /&gt;* Quality of Service (Part 1): QoS Fundamentals and the MQC&lt;br /&gt;* Quality of Service (Part 2): Congestion Management and Avoidance&lt;br /&gt;* Quality of Service (Part 3): Policing, Shaping, and Link Efficiency&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 1): BGP Theory&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 2): Understanding BGP Attributes&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 3): Foundation BGP Configuration&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 4): BGP Route Reflectors, Confederations, and Peer-Groups&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 5): BGP Route Aggregation and Filtering&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 6): Configuring BGP Attributes to Influence Routing, Part 1&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 7): Configuring BGP Attributes to Influence Routing, Part 2&lt;br /&gt;* BGP (Part 8): BGP Multihoming, Route Dampening, and Optimization&lt;br /&gt;*Practice Lab&lt;br /&gt;*IPV6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CBT Nuggets CCIE Combopack:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuPyLOIip9I/AAAAAAAAAMM/fNWVmL_-wK4/s1600-h/ccie.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuPyLOIip9I/AAAAAAAAAMM/fNWVmL_-wK4/s320/ccie.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396423053106390994" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/U2WFL6TZ/CBTCCCP.part11.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/75XV3Z4X/CBTCCCP.part06.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/CZTDFCPG/CBTCCCP.part09.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/QXUIMUKH/CBTCCCP.part08.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/KO7OASBQ/CBTCCCP.part04.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/TQFA12PL/CBTCCCP.part07.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/4KPKXYXF/CBTCCCP.part05.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/69TLCHEJ/CBTCCCP.part10.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/BSWRJMSH/CBTCCCP.part03.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/APK01W8X/CBTCCCP.part01.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;http://uploading.com/files/YQWJDO0W/CBTCCCP.part02.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Rapid Share Link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146719683/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part01.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146719683/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part01.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146722700/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part02.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146722700/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part02.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146725697/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part03.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146725697/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part03.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146728613/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part04.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146728613/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part04.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146731173/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part05.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146731173/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part05.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146733795/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part06.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146733795/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part06.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146736273/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part07.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146736273/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part07.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146738773/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part08.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146738773/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part08.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146741229/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part09.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146741229/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part09.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146743846/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part10.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146743846/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part10.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146746418/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part11.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146746418/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part11.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146892792/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part12.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146892792/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part12.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146896727/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part13.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146896727/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part13.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146900722/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part14.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146900722/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part14.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146904812/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part15.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146904812/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part15.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146908917/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part16.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146908917/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part16.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/146912338/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part17.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/146912338/CBT_Nuggets_-_CCIE_R_S.part17.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCIE Pratice Lab Video&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/72175595/2561e8ef/CCIEPracticeLabVideoWalkthroughCBTNuggetpart1.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/72175771/bf0bd516/CCIEPracticeLabVideoWalkthroughCBTNuggetpart2.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/72175849/91a149da/CCIEPracticeLabVideoWalkthroughCBTNuggetpart3.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/72175868/d4901bce/CCIEPracticeLabVideoWalkthroughCBTNuggetpart4.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6602016484264964836?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6602016484264964836/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6602016484264964836&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6602016484264964836'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6602016484264964836'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/ccie-certification-video.html' title='CCIE Certification Video'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuPyLOIip9I/AAAAAAAAAMM/fNWVmL_-wK4/s72-c/ccie.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-3915369040479993144</id><published>2009-10-24T19:36:00.018+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-27T16:04:48.843+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Complete CCNA (Wireless'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='voice)'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='security'/><title type='text'>Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP)</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) is a type of the communication in which voice is transferred over the IP-based network such as internet. VOIP system is integrated into the IP-based networks. Cisco’s CCVP is worldwide recognized IT certification that deals with integrating the VOIP systems into IP based networks. In the recent years IP telephony solutions is being implemented on the company’s data infrastructure.&lt;br /&gt;Like with the other industry professional certification programs, Cisco Systems has launched the certification program for the VOIP technology and the name of this certification is Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP). To be eligible for the CCVP certification, you must first pass the CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associates). You must prove that how to implement, configure, operate and troubleshoot the IP based converged network.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;CCVP requires the following additional exams along with the  CCNA certification.&lt;/p&gt;                                             &lt;p&gt;• 1. Quality of Service--(Exam Code 42-642 QOS)&lt;br /&gt;• 2. CVOICE--(Cisco Voice Over IP Exam Code 642-432)&lt;br /&gt;• 3. CIPT--Cisco IP Telephony (Exam Code 642-444)&lt;br /&gt;• 4. GW/GK--Gateway/Gatekeeper (Exam Code 642-452)&lt;br /&gt;• 5. IPTT--IP Telephony Troubleshooting (Exam Code 642-425)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCVP(CISCO Certified Voice Professional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;) E-books and Video:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download from bellow links&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CBT Nuggets&lt;/span&gt;(Video)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMbsgnBEfI/AAAAAAAAAL8/4eOEpV0NE_0/s1600-h/cbt-nuggets.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 162px; height: 162px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMbsgnBEfI/AAAAAAAAAL8/4eOEpV0NE_0/s320/cbt-nuggets.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396187230001762802" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/141255675/68f371ae/CBT_NUGGETS_CVOICE_CCVP_642-436part1.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/141256094/974fbfea/CBT_NUGGETS_CVOICE_CCVP_642-436part2.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/141256370/ce7e824/CBT_NUGGETS_CVOICE_CCVP_642-436part3.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/141256576/e10931a3/CBT_NUGGETS_CVOICE_CCVP_642-436part4.html&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/141255304/567e1514/CBT_NUGGETS_CVOICE_CCVP_642-436part5.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;CCVP Module on Megaupload&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=QF3W0AGD"&gt;Module1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=1UPFRG7A"&gt;,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=1UPFRG7A"&gt;Module2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=NVNHDK2I"&gt;,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=NVNHDK2I"&gt;Module3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=Y5N0D9BY"&gt;,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=Y5N0D9BY"&gt;Module 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=CTOKPEHB"&gt;Module5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=DLBPK846"&gt;Module6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=QPDN69U7"&gt;Module7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=CHDF9HA5"&gt;Module8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=1JMAIGTI"&gt;Module9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=H5VP1NG2"&gt;Module10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=Q9F7A6LI"&gt;Module11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=ZNGOO7BE"&gt;Module12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;E-Books&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CCNA Voice Quick Reference&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMUKWTwa6I/AAAAAAAAAL0/6jR1jGJ8tXw/s1600-h/12225vd.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 159px; height: 194px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMUKWTwa6I/AAAAAAAAAL0/6jR1jGJ8tXw/s200/12225vd.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396178946539678626" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/143275334/900c049e/CCNA_Voice_Quick_Refence_Sheet.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CCNA Voice Exam cert Guide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMdOmOH1_I/AAAAAAAAAME/gEVaQPSfLbo/s1600-h/CCNA+Quick+Reference+Sheets.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 198px; height: 138px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMdOmOH1_I/AAAAAAAAAME/gEVaQPSfLbo/s320/CCNA+Quick+Reference+Sheets.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396188915135141874" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/143284420/b1d917f7/CCNA_Voice_Exam_Cert_Guide.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-3915369040479993144?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/3915369040479993144/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=3915369040479993144&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3915369040479993144'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/3915369040479993144'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/ccna-wireless-e-books-video.html' title='Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP)'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuMbsgnBEfI/AAAAAAAAAL8/4eOEpV0NE_0/s72-c/cbt-nuggets.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-8460444539219739129</id><published>2009-10-22T18:11:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-22T18:23:07.906+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free software'/><title type='text'>Norton ghost</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ghost&lt;/b&gt; is a disk cloning program origi&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBTDYtQhvI/AAAAAAAAALs/G6lHM4cyOf8/s1600-h/nortonghost.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 237px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBTDYtQhvI/AAAAAAAAALs/G6lHM4cyOf8/s320/nortonghost.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395403671226844914" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;nally developed by Binary Research. Murray Haszard wrote Ghost in 1995, building on experience with a parallel and serial file-copying program previously produced by Binary Research. Symantec later purchased the company in 1998. The name &lt;i&gt;Ghost&lt;/i&gt; originated as an acronym for &lt;b&gt;"General Hardware-Oriented System Transfer&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Although disk cloning programs are not primarily backup programs, they are sometimes used as such. A key feature of a backup program is to allow the retrieval of individual files without needing to restore the entire backup. Disk cloning programs either provide a Windows Explorer-like program to browse image files and extract individual files from them, or allow an image file to be mounted as a read-only file system within Windows Explorer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ghost is marketed as a backup program. It comes with an ISO file that needs to be written to a CD. This provides a recovery environment to perform a full system recovery. There's also provision to mount a drive &amp;amp; select backed-up files from that drive and recover them to the primary hard disk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ghost can copy the contents of one hard drive to another and can convert a hard drive's contents to a virtual disk format such as VMware's VMDK file.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p 	{mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0in; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Initially, Ghost supported only FAT filesystems directly, but it could also copy (although not resize) other filesystems by performing a sector copy. Ghost added support for the NTFS filesystem later in 1996, and also provided a program, Ghostwalker (DOS name: ghstwalk.exe), to change the Security ID (SID) that made Windows NT systems distinguishable from each other. Ghostwalker is also capable of modifying the name of the Windows NT-based computer from its own interface. Ghost added support for the ext2 filesystem in 1999 and for ext3 subsequently.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Link:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;http://hotfile.com/dl/14604896/d1b0a09/Norton.Ghost.v14.0.rar.html &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-8460444539219739129?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/8460444539219739129/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=8460444539219739129&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8460444539219739129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/8460444539219739129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/norton-ghost.html' title='Norton ghost'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBTDYtQhvI/AAAAAAAAALs/G6lHM4cyOf8/s72-c/nortonghost.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-4873505624564454933</id><published>2009-10-22T18:01:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-22T18:08:51.377+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free software'/><title type='text'>Internet Download Manager</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;Internet Downloa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBRg_dTgkI/AAAAAAAAALk/mhzGHFWm0-E/s1600-h/idmpep500x.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 305px; height: 220px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBRg_dTgkI/AAAAAAAAALk/mhzGHFWm0-E/s320/idmpep500x.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395401980821865026" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;d Manager (IDM) is a tool to increase download speeds by up to 5 times, resume and schedule downloads.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;Simple graphic user interface makes IDM user friendly and easy to use.Internet Download Manager has a smart download logic accelerator that features intelligent dynamic file segmentation and safe multipart downloading technology to accelerate your downloads. Unlike other download managers and accelerators Internet Download Manager segments downloaded files dynamically during download process and reuses available connections without additional connect and login stages to achieve best acceleration performance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Link:&lt;br /&gt;http://hotfile.com/dl/15091114/ea8ab6b/81.5MDI.rar.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-4873505624564454933?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/4873505624564454933/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=4873505624564454933&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4873505624564454933'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4873505624564454933'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/internet-download-manager.html' title='Internet Download Manager'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBRg_dTgkI/AAAAAAAAALk/mhzGHFWm0-E/s72-c/idmpep500x.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-4059890097086941516</id><published>2009-10-22T17:45:00.007+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-30T11:25:56.529+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='software'/><title type='text'>Symantec Endpoint Protection v.11.0</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Benefits Symantec &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBPB__3IGI/AAAAAAAAALc/ZxxOQdpiEII/s1600-h/1250815990aendpoint.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 235px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBPB__3IGI/AAAAAAAAALc/ZxxOQdpiEII/s320/1250815990aendpoint.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395399249367605346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;Endpoint:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1-Stops malware such as viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, adware, bots, zero-day threats and rootkits.&lt;br /&gt;2-Prevents securi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;ty outbreaks thus reducing administrative overhead.&lt;br /&gt;3-Lowers total cost of ownership for endpoint security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Features:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1-Seamlessly integrates essential technologies such as ant&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;ivirus, antispyware, firewall, intrusion prevention, device control.&lt;br /&gt;2-Requires only a single agent that is managed by a single management console.&lt;br /&gt;3-Provides unmatched endpoint protection from the market leader in endpoint security.&lt;br /&gt;4-Enables instant NAC upgrade without additional software deployment for each endpoint.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;New Features:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1-Single Agent and Single Console&lt;br /&gt;2-Delivers a single agent for all Symantec Endpoint Protection technologies and Symantec Network Access Control.&lt;br /&gt;3-Delivers a single integrated interface for managing all Symantec Endpoint Protection technologies and Symantec Network Access Control. All allow for a single communication method and content delivery system across all technologies.&lt;br /&gt;* Provides operational efficiencies such as single software updates, single policy updates.&lt;br /&gt;* Provides unified and central reporting.&lt;br /&gt;* Provides unified licensing and maintenance.&lt;br /&gt;* Requires no change to the client when adding Symantec Network Access Control enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;* Lowers Total Cost of Ownership for endpoint security.&lt;br /&gt;* Reduces administrative effort.&lt;br /&gt;4-Proactive Threat Scanning&lt;br /&gt;Behavioral-based protection that protects against zero-day threats and threats not seen before. Unlike other heuristic-based technologies, Proactive Threat Scan scores both the good and bad behavior of unknown applications, providing a more accurate malware detection.&lt;br /&gt;* Accurately detects malware without the need to set up rule-based configurations.&lt;br /&gt;* Helps lower the number of false positives.&lt;br /&gt;Advanced Rootkit Detection and Removal&lt;br /&gt;Provides superior rootkit detection and removal by integrating VxMS (Veritas Mapping Service—a Veritas technology), thereby providing access below the operating system to allow thorough analysis and repair.&lt;br /&gt;* Detects and removes the most difficult rootkits.&lt;br /&gt;* Saves time and money and productivity lossses associated with re-imaging infected machines.&lt;br /&gt;Application Control&lt;br /&gt;Allows administrators to control access to specific processes, files, and folders by users and other applications. It provides application analysis, process control, file and registry access control, and module and DLL control. It enables administrators to restrict certain activities deemed as suspicious or high risk.&lt;br /&gt;* Prevents malware from spreading or harming endpoints.&lt;br /&gt;* Locks down endpoints to prevent data leakage.&lt;br /&gt;Device Control&lt;br /&gt;Controls which peripherals can be connected to a machine and how the peripherals are used. It locks down an endpoints to prevent connections from thumb drives, CD burners, printers, and other USB devices.&lt;br /&gt;* Prevents sensitive and confidential data from being extracted or stolen from endpoints (data leakage).&lt;br /&gt;* Prevents endpoints from being infected by viruses spread from peripheral devices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Operating System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;32-bit:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Windows 2000 Server/Advanced Server/Datacenter Server/Small Business Server with Service Pack 3 or later&lt;br /&gt;Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 1 or later&lt;br /&gt;Note: Windows XP supports a limited number of concurrent users if the clients are in "push" mode. Use "pull" mode on Windows XP servers for up to 100 clients. For more information, search for Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager 11.x communication troubleshooting on the Symantec Support Web Site.&lt;br /&gt;Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition/Enterprise Edition/Datacenter Edition/Storage Edition/Web Edition/ Small Business Server&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;64-bit:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Windows XP Professional x64 Edition with Service Pack 1 or later&lt;br /&gt;Windows Server 2003 Standard x64 Edition / Enterprise x64 Edition / Datacenter x64 Edition with Service Pack 1 or later&lt;br /&gt;Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003&lt;br /&gt;Windows Storage Server 2003&lt;br /&gt;Note: If you use Microsoft Clustering services for the Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager server you must install the Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager on the local volume.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Link:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/142680035/6d25a410/Symantec_Endpoint_Protection_11020001567_MR2_by_Tiger.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-4059890097086941516?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/4059890097086941516/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=4059890097086941516&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4059890097086941516'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4059890097086941516'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/symantec-endpoint-protection-v110.html' title='Symantec Endpoint Protection v.11.0'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBPB__3IGI/AAAAAAAAALc/ZxxOQdpiEII/s72-c/1250815990aendpoint.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2148512529645902932</id><published>2009-10-22T17:34:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-22T17:41:33.745+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free software'/><title type='text'>Drive checker</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;pre style="font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;Driver Checke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBLHBhm_yI/AAAAAAAAALU/bCyXXFrCxVM/s1600-h/34ecky1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 298px; height: 214px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBLHBhm_yI/AAAAAAAAALU/bCyXXFrCxVM/s320/34ecky1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395394937630424866" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;r allows you to easily detect and update the latest drivers for your entire hardware devices. It can also back up the existing drivers and restore the drivers in case that you needed to reinstall or upgrade your operating system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Features and Benefits of Driver Checker:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Starightfoward and intuitive interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Better PC performance and improved stability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Access to the largest drivers database in the industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Continous updates for the latest manufacturer drivers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Submit the unavailable drivers updated in next version&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Unlimited technical supports with our 24x7 technicians&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;Automatically update and maintain these drivers: Printer Drivers, USB Drivers, Sound/Audio Drivers, Vista Drivers, Bluetooth Drivers, Mouse Drivers, Keyboard Drivers, RAID Drivers, Scanner Drivers, Video Drivers, Modem Drivers, Network Drivers, Linksys Drivers, Webcam Drivers, Graphic Drivers, VGA Drivers &amp;amp; Other Windows Drivers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/294836303/Port.Driver.Checker.2.7.3.rar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Password :&lt;br /&gt;carnitech@crostuff.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:100%;" class="fullpost" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2148512529645902932?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2148512529645902932/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=2148512529645902932&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2148512529645902932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2148512529645902932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/drive-checker.html' title='Drive checker'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBLHBhm_yI/AAAAAAAAALU/bCyXXFrCxVM/s72-c/34ecky1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-4640038994023816226</id><published>2009-10-22T17:17:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-22T17:29:27.495+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free software'/><title type='text'>Office 2007</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBHSJsQ8kI/AAAAAAAAALM/rLUQii9Wqug/s1600-h/office-2007-123.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 210px; height: 192px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBHSJsQ8kI/AAAAAAAAALM/rLUQii9Wqug/s320/office-2007-123.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395390730754650690" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This is the copy from the original disk, which is  only accessible to technicians of Microsoft. This version of Microsoft Office 2007 will never appear for sale, since this is the only version where there is no need for a serial. This version also doesn't need an activation. The installer is very simple. The interface of application is completely changed, it is modernized and practically reminds in no way to the previous versions.In a few minutes the software will be installed on your computer, without any questions or other things that slow down the installation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Include:&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Access 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Excel 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Groove 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office InfoPath 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office OneNote 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Outlook 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Publisher 2007&lt;br /&gt;* Microsoft Office Word 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;No serial key needed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/202491961/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part1.rar&lt;br /&gt; http://rapidshare.com/files/202493455/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part2.rar&lt;br /&gt; http://rapidshare.com/files/202494502/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part3.rar&lt;br /&gt; http://rapidshare.com/files/202495600/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part4.rar&lt;br /&gt; http://rapidshare.com/files/202496958/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part5.rar&lt;br /&gt; http://rapidshare.com/files/202497234/OFF1c3--2007-www.warezraid.com.part6.rar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-4640038994023816226?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/4640038994023816226/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=4640038994023816226&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4640038994023816226'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/4640038994023816226'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/office-2007.html' title='Office 2007'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SuBHSJsQ8kI/AAAAAAAAALM/rLUQii9Wqug/s72-c/office-2007-123.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2446980407460080048</id><published>2009-10-11T21:05:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-11T22:23:46.512+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is dynamic routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rip configuration'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Advantage and dis advantages of RIP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is Bellmanford algorithm'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Comparison with RIP Version 1'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is dynamic routing'/><title type='text'>Bell-Man-Ford Algorithm</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Understanding Bell-Man-Ford Algorithm:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; As we know, Router automatically comes to know about the networks which are Directly connected to its interfaces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH7f1vIEGI/AAAAAAAAAK8/xfupMnAz5L8/s1600-h/picture8.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 124px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH7f1vIEGI/AAAAAAAAAK8/xfupMnAz5L8/s400/picture8.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391366753358450786" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:1180504430; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-1470431392 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Here we will assume that the distance vector protocol is configured and the update frequency is 60 seconds. We will put the entire process of routing updates in below steps:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;After 60 second timer of RouterA expires, RouterA sends the routing update to its neighbor i.e. to RouterB. This routing update contains information about network 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.4.0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;As soon as RouterB receives this information, it checks its own routing table. RouterB does not know about network 192.168.1.0 hence it first increments the metric by 1 and add this entry into its routing table. For network 192.168.4.0 network also, it increments the metric by 1 and look at its own routing table. Since for network 192.168.4.0 entry was already present and that to with better metric, RouterB ignores the update for network 192.168.4.0 and keep the existing entry as it is.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;After next 60 seconds, RouterB sends routing update to its neighbors RouterA and RouterC. When RouterA receives this information, it compares its own routing table and finds that there is no entry for 192.168.2.0 and 192.168.5.0 networks. RouterA increments the metric by 1 and update its routing table. RouterC received same time the routing update. RouterC has found 3 new networks, 192.168.2.0, 192.158.4.0 and 192.168.1.0. RouterC update its own routing table with new routes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;4.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Even after 120 seconds, RouterA and RouterB are still not aware about network 192.168.3.0. After next 60 seconds, RouterC generates routing update and sends to RouterB. Upon receiving, RouterB adds this new route in its routing table by incrementing the metric by 1.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This incrementing of metric matric is called Bell-Man-Ford algorithm.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;5.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;After another 60 seconds, RouterB sends routing update to RouterA and RouterC. RouterC is aware of all the networks hence it just updates the timer and does nothing. But when this information reached to RouterA, it comes to know about the new network i.e. 192.168.3.0 and updates its own routing table with new route.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2446980407460080048?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2446980407460080048/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=2446980407460080048&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2446980407460080048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2446980407460080048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html' title='Bell-Man-Ford Algorithm'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH7f1vIEGI/AAAAAAAAAK8/xfupMnAz5L8/s72-c/picture8.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-436789723111714486</id><published>2009-10-11T20:57:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-11T22:16:49.169+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Routing Information Protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rip configuration'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Advantage and dis advantages of RIP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Comparison with RIP Version 1'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='2'/><title type='text'>Advantage and Disadvantage of RIP</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage of RIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH5n1d7ToI/AAAAAAAAAKs/Sd8zyGm2WPQ/s1600-h/picture11.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 124px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH5n1d7ToI/AAAAAAAAAKs/Sd8zyGm2WPQ/s400/picture11.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391364691702009474" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Comparison with RIP Version 1 &amp;amp; 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH5oBs1Q-I/AAAAAAAAAK0/4_f2PDJj35A/s1600-h/picture12.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 355px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH5oBs1Q-I/AAAAAAAAAK0/4_f2PDJj35A/s400/picture12.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391364694985753570" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-436789723111714486?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/436789723111714486/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=436789723111714486&amp;isPopup=true' title='38 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/436789723111714486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/436789723111714486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html' title='Advantage and Disadvantage of RIP'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH5n1d7ToI/AAAAAAAAAKs/Sd8zyGm2WPQ/s72-c/picture11.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>38</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6790119150287277848</id><published>2009-10-11T20:49:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-11T22:14:43.131+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Problem with distance vector protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is dynamic routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Routing Information Protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rip configuration'/><title type='text'>RIP configuration</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH3vlnS67I/AAAAAAAAAKk/YogpZVT6YA8/s1600-h/picture10.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 124px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH3vlnS67I/AAAAAAAAAKk/YogpZVT6YA8/s400/picture10.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391362625862036402" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Router-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Router&gt;enable&lt;br /&gt;Router#configure terminal&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#hostname R1&lt;br /&gt;R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#int serial 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R1(config)#clock rate 64000 (if router 1 is DCE device)&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-if)#exit&lt;br /&gt;R1(config)#router rip&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-router)#version 2 (if you configure version 2)&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0&lt;br /&gt;R1(config-router)#end&lt;br /&gt;R1#copy running-config startup-config&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Router-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Router&gt;enable&lt;br /&gt;Router#configure terminal&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#host name R-2&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config)#interface fastethernet 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#interface serial 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#interface serial 0/1&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R2(Config-if)#exit&lt;br /&gt;R2(config)#router rip&lt;br /&gt;R2(config-router)#version 2 (if you configure version 2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0&lt;br /&gt;R2(config-router)#end&lt;br /&gt;R2# copy running-config startup-config&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Router-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Router&gt;enable&lt;br /&gt;Router#configure terminal&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#host name R-3&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config)#interface fastethernet 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#interface serial 0/0&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;R3(config)#clock rate 64000 (if router 1 is DCE device)&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#no shutdown&lt;br /&gt;R3(Config-if)#exit&lt;br /&gt;R3(config)#router rip&lt;br /&gt;R3(config-router)#version 2 (if you configure version 2)&lt;br /&gt;R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0&lt;br /&gt;R3(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0&lt;br /&gt;R3(config-router)#end&lt;br /&gt;R3# copy running-config startup-config&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Verification Command:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;R1#ping 192.168.2.1&lt;br /&gt;R1#ping 192.168.11.1&lt;br /&gt;R1#ping 192.168.11.2&lt;br /&gt;R1#ping 192.168.3.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;R2#ping 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;R2#ping 192.168.3.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;R3#ping 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;R3#ping 192.168.10.1&lt;br /&gt;R3#ping 192.168.10.2&lt;br /&gt;R3#ping 192.168.2.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:TimesNewRoman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6790119150287277848?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6790119150287277848/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6790119150287277848&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6790119150287277848'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6790119150287277848'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html' title='RIP configuration'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH3vlnS67I/AAAAAAAAAKk/YogpZVT6YA8/s72-c/picture10.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6899746012313987432</id><published>2009-10-11T20:36:00.008+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-11T22:17:39.857+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Routing Information Protocol'/><title type='text'>Routing Information Protocol</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;RIP is the oldest routing protocol and it is based upon open standards. RIP works on most of the Routers (Cisco as well as non-Cisco) and even on servers running Novell, MS Windows and UNIX. RIP is a simple distance vector routing protocol intended for small- to medium-sized redundant networks. It is vendor independent, and version 1 is defined primarily in RFC 1058. This vendor independence gives RIP the advantage of having multivendor interoperability. It is very easy to configure. Unfortunately, its simplicity also means it is prone to problems.  RIP supports routing for routed protocol like IP and IPX.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:TimesNewRoman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:"TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:"TimesNewRoman\,Bold"; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:36007706; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:1573547152 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Basic RIP 1 Operation:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The basic operation of RIP is very simple and follows some fairly basic rules:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;When a router boots, the only      routes it is initially aware of are its directly connected networks.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In RIP version 1, the router      broadcasts information about all known networks to all directly connected      networks. These broadcasts are known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;updates &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;advertisements.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;RIP routers listen for RIP      broadcasts. By listening to RIP broadcasts, RIP routers can become aware      of networks they may not have direct knowledge of.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;RIP's metric is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;hop count &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;(loosely      defined as the number of routers in the path), and is advertised in RIP      broadcasts for each network. RIP's maximum hop count is 15. A metric of 16      is considered infinite.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Any route learned from a RIP      router is assumed to be through that router. In other words, if Router A      sends an update to Router B, Router B assumes that the next hop for the      networks included in the update is Router A.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Updates are sent at      regular intervals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Increment the metric of the incoming routes in the updates i.e.increment the hop count by 1 number&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Check the network numbers in the routing update received from neighbors and compares its own routing table.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;If information received from neighbor is better, place the entry in the routing table and removes old entry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;If neighbor’s information is worse, ignores it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;If the neighbor’s information is exactly same, Router resets the timer for the entry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Path Selection of RIP:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;color:black;"   &gt;There are two paths for RouterA to reach RouterC. One is via RouterB on 2Mb link and another is directly to RouterC via 64Kb link. RIP will always choose a path of 64Kb link as here the hop count is less. Even though the IP packet can reach faster to RouterC via 2Mb links, RIP will never choose this path as RIP treats path with less hop count is the best path. If multiple paths are available for same destination with equal metric RIP performs load balancing between these paths. But by default, RIP uses only one path for each destination, For RIP to make use of other available paths, we must configure the Router separately.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH1_of5MYI/AAAAAAAAAKc/UrB26ESNgeM/s1600-h/picture9.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 281px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH1_of5MYI/AAAAAAAAAKc/UrB26ESNgeM/s400/picture9.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391360702490947970" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;There are two paths for RouterA to reach RouterC. One is via RouterB on 2Mb link and another is directly to RouterC via 64Kb link. RIP will always choose a path of 64Kb link as here the hop count is less. Even though the IP packet can reach faster to RouterC via 2Mb links, RIP will never choose this path as RIP treats path with less hop count is the best path. If multiple paths are available for same destination with equal metric RIP performs load balancing between these paths. But by default, RIP uses only one path for each destination, For RIP to make use of other available paths, we must configure the Router separately.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:818229257; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:335975260 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;RIP Timer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"  style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Routing Updates:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;RIP Router sends routing update after every 30 seconds.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"  style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hold down Period:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;RIP Router can hold down the route up to 180 seconds if no routing      update is received from the neighbor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal"  style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Flush Timer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If hold down period expires and      within this period no update is received about that route, Router removes      an entry about that network from its routing table after 240 Seconds.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6899746012313987432?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6899746012313987432/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6899746012313987432&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6899746012313987432'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6899746012313987432'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html' title='Routing Information Protocol'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StH1_of5MYI/AAAAAAAAAKc/UrB26ESNgeM/s72-c/picture9.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-1113057550928558034</id><published>2009-10-11T20:01:00.007+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T15:23:43.097+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Problem with distance vector protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is dynamic routing'/><title type='text'>Problems with Distance Vector Protocol</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;1.	&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Convergence Time:&lt;/span&gt;  Notice time required for each Router to know completely about every other network? 240 seconds! The time Router takes to understand the complete network topology is referred as Convergence Time. Imagine the convergence time for each Router if there are more than ten Routers connected in the network.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;•	Solution to Slow Convergence:&lt;/span&gt; There are two solutions to resolve slow convergence problem. One solution is to change the timer for periodic updates to some lower value, for example, 10 seconds. But setting the interval to few seconds will generate more routing broadcast on the network which leads to consume precious WAN bandwidth.  Second solution is to implement trigger updates. The distance vector protocol will still send the periodic updates however, when the topology change occurs the Router will immediately generate an update without waiting for periodic timer to expire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Routing Loops Problem:&lt;/span&gt;  Another problem with distance vector protocols is they are prone to routing loops.	To understand routing loops in better manner, look at the example.  RouterA’s F0 interface has failed .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHtI9HpiqI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/rfQ6_JEJ7tk/s1600-h/picture5.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 97px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHtI9HpiqI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/rfQ6_JEJ7tk/s400/picture5.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391350967040576162" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHtJWeq40I/AAAAAAAAAKE/aQUv7_qtfp8/s1600-h/picture6.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 77px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHtJWeq40I/AAAAAAAAAKE/aQUv7_qtfp8/s400/picture6.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391350973848019778" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"&gt;&lt;/object&gt; &lt;style&gt; st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:315300955; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-456241934 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;and RouterA has lost the connectivity to 192.168.1.0 network. RouterA’s routing table lists this network as unreachable and will change the metric to infinity. Unfortunately, RouterA cannot tell this to rest of the Routers about the downed route until its periodic timer expires. After timer expires, RouterA will let Router B know about the change in topology and RouterB will update its own routing table. RouterC is still unaware about the change and has an entry for network 192.168.1.0 in his routing table. When RouterC sends routing update to RouterB, RouterB assumes that network 192.168.1.0 is reachable via RouterC and updates its routing table. RouterB gives this update to RouterA in his next routing update and RouterA also assumes that network 192.168.1.0 is reachable via RouterB.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Now, RouterC believes that network 192.168.1.0 is reachable via RouterB and RouterA believes that network 192.168.1.0 is reachable via RouterB and RouterB believes that network 192.168.1.0 is reachable via RouterC. This creates a routing loop. When routing loop occurs, when the packets caught in loop, they continuously circle from one Router to another wasting the bandwidth and CPU.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solution for Routing Loops Problem:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-family:Symbol;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Maximum Hop Count:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;To prevent routing loops, Router places a Hop Count limit on an IP packet. This states that how far a packet is legally allowed to travel. As a packet travel from one Router to another, each Router tracks for the hops in the TTL field. For each hop the TTL decrements by 1 number. When the value reaches to 0, the packet is dropped by Router. RIP has got a default Hop Count limit value of 15 and IGRP has got 100. That means, if we are using RIP as routing protocol, a packet &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;color:black;"   &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;color:black;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;can cross up to 15 Routers. If the destination network is not located on 16th Router, that Router drops the packet. With IGRP, a packet can travel up to 100 Routers.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-family:Symbol;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;st1:city style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" st="on"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Split&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; Horizon:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt; horizon states that if a neighboring Router sends a route to a Router, the receiving Router will not send this route back to the source Router on the same interface. Consider the example as shown in figure 8.8 to understand Split Horizon.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHyrajihgI/AAAAAAAAAKM/ycNh6BywnPQ/s1600-h/picture7.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 218px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHyrajihgI/AAAAAAAAAKM/ycNh6BywnPQ/s400/picture7.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391357056615876098" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:1084380924; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:1045733824 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;RouterB will receive a route for 192.168.1.0 network from RouterA on interface S0. Similarly, RouterC will come to know about networks 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.2.0 from RouterB using its S0 interface. Next time when RouterB sends its own routing table to RouterA, assuming split horizon is enabled, it will not propagate back the same route i.e. about network 192.168.1.0 to RouterA. But RouterB will surely inform RouterA about how to reach to other networks. When RouterC sends its own routing table to RouterB, it will not send the same routes back to RouterB which RouterC learnt by RouterB.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This prevents routing loop to occur in an internet work.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-family:Symbol;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Route Poisoning:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;When a Router detects that one of the routes has failed, the Router will poison the route by assigning an infinite metric count to it. In case of RIP, it will be 16 and in case of IGRP it will be 101. Let us assume we are using RIP as routing protocol in above network. When RouterA detects that the network connected to F0 interface is failed, it poison the failed route by assigning metric 16 to 192.168.1.0 network and informs this to RouterB in next routing update. RouterB then send this information to all other Routers in network to ensure everyone receives this update. Once RouterB poisons the route, it will not accept any updates from any Router for this network. Only when it hears from RouterA that the problem is fixed up and the poisoned network is reachable now, he resets the hold down timer, informs this to neighbors and starts accepting information about this route.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);font-family:Symbol;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Hold down Timers:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Hold down timer states that for how much time a poisoned route will remain in the routing table. This time is by default set to three times the routing update time. Router will keep the information about poisoned route till the hold down timer expires. Once hold down time is expired and there is no information about this poisoned route from the source Router, Router deletes that entry from its routing table. Meantime if the problem with the downed Route is fixed and if the network becomes reachable, the Router resets the hold down timer and informs this to neighboring Routers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-1113057550928558034?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/1113057550928558034/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=1113057550928558034&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1113057550928558034'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/1113057550928558034'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/problems-with-distance-vector-protocol.html' title='Problems with Distance Vector Protocol'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHtI9HpiqI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/rfQ6_JEJ7tk/s72-c/picture5.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-2845921644605815027</id><published>2009-10-11T19:47:00.008+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-11T22:19:44.526+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='what is dynamic routing protocol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><title type='text'>Dynamic Routing protocol</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The basic idea of dynamic routing is that a special protocol, called a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;routing protocol, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Communicates routes between the routers in the topology.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;A dynamic routing protocol, automatically informs the other routers of all routes it knows about at regular intervals. These "information" is called &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;advertisements &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;routing updates, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;depending on the specific protocol in question. These updates allow all routers to automatically learn about all routes (primary and backup). In dynamic routing, routes are define dynamically by routing protocol.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Every router in an internet work shared its own network number (IP address) information with neighbor router.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is called routing information updates.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;There are two type of dynamic routing protocol.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Such as, IGP and EGP.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;IGPs are used to exchange routing information with the routers in the same autonomous system and EGPs are used to exchange routing information with routers in different autonomous system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHppxRPz5I/AAAAAAAAAJc/o1OydBpW4aQ/s1600-h/picture1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 153px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHppxRPz5I/AAAAAAAAAJc/o1OydBpW4aQ/s400/picture1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391347132748779410" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:TimesNewRoman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Routing protocols are typically classified by the type of logic they use. The three primaries Algorithms used by routing protocols are listed here, along with a brief explanation of each:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHqPffm_mI/AAAAAAAAAJk/FPUAqonfnkg/s1600-h/picture2.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 137px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHqPffm_mI/AAAAAAAAAJk/FPUAqonfnkg/s400/picture2.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391347780812209762" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"&gt;&lt;/object&gt; &lt;style&gt; st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Wingdings; 	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:2; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:TimesNewRoman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:140317158; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-1758574346 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:bullet; 	mso-level-text:; 	mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-.25in; 	font-family:Symbol;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;       &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Distance Vector:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This algorithm is the most common type of routing logic used today. Distance vector routing is sometimes called "routing by rumor." Basically, a distance vector protocol find out to all directly connected neighbors, "Hey guys, I know about all of these networks!" The neighbors go, "Great, let me add that to my table. And, by the way, I know about all of these networks!"-and so on.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This protocol finds the best path to a remote network by judging distance.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In this protocol vector indicates the direction to the remote network.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Example of this protocol is RIP v1 and IGRP.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;       &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Link&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;State&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Link state routing logic operates on the Dykstra Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, and it operates a bit differently than distance vector. Basically, link state protocols build a "map" of the network, so they inherently have a better idea of where everything is located than distance vector protocols does. This advantage makes link state protocols much more graceful and sophisticated, but it also makes them harder to understand and implement properly. Very few routing protocols use the link state logic, such as OSPF and IS-IS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Symbol;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Balanced Hybrid:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This algorithm is Cisco's term for EIGRP's routing logic.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Personally, I think Cisco just made this designation up for marketing purposes; but because they did classify it this way. The idea behind the balanced hybrid designation is that it includes features of both distance vector and link state algorithms. For instance, the core logic behind EIGRP is basically distance vector, but EIGRP transmits additional topology information in order to "map" the network, like link state.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;    &lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Now let's look at a technique to deal with the common problem of having a router make routing decisions based on information from multiple dynamic routing protocols. The technique used by Cisco to combat this issue is called administrative distance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:TimesNewRoman; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:"TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:"TimesNewRoman\,Bold"; 	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:auto; 	mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&lt;/style&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;Understanding Administrative Distance:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;Administrative distance &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:TimesNewRoman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;is an additional metric placed on each route to describe the "trustworthiness" of that route. A router need to choose a best path to reach the destination, if multiple path are found in network to reach the destination network, router will always choose a path which got a lowest administrative distance. The value of administrative distance is between 0 to 255.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHrKB1kVdI/AAAAAAAAAJs/cJ3gFju3VIQ/s1600-h/picture3.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 152px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHrKB1kVdI/AAAAAAAAAJs/cJ3gFju3VIQ/s400/picture3.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391348786463528402" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Garamond; 	panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Autonomous System:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Autonomous system is a group of routers under a single administrative control.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Router must have same AS number to become neighbors and to share there routing information with each router.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;AS is a number from 1 to 65535.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;AS number is require when we configure IGRP and EIGRP.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;"  &gt;Metric:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;"  &gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;color:black;"   &gt;If multiple path are available for a router to reach a particular network, having same administrative distance, router always choose a path having best metric value.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Routing metrics are used to decide best path to the destination network. Routing protocols uses metric value for measuring the path as a best path. If multiple paths are available for a Router to reach to a particular network, having same administrative distance, Router always chooses a path having best metric value. For example, RIP uses Hop Count as a metric (number of Routers to be crossed to reach to the destination) to decide best path. IGRP, EIGRP and OSPF consider bandwidth of a link to decide best path&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Routing Information Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/routing-information-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Rip Configuration(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/rip-configuration.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Dynamic Routing Protocol(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Advantage and Disadvantage(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-rip.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"&gt;Bel-man-Ford Algorithm(&lt;a href="http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/bell-man-ford-algorithm.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Click Here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-2845921644605815027?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/2845921644605815027/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=2845921644605815027&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2845921644605815027'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/2845921644605815027'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/10/dynamic-routing-protocol.html' title='Dynamic Routing protocol'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/StHppxRPz5I/AAAAAAAAAJc/o1OydBpW4aQ/s72-c/picture1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6330843538638704625</id><published>2009-09-24T07:52:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-09-24T07:57:30.562+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Latest News'/><title type='text'>Microsofts antivirous</title><content type='html'>Now Microsoft working with Antivirous .Microsoft's free anti-virus software is finally ready for launch. Last week, the company told beta testers of its free antivirus software that it will release the final version to the public soon.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an e-mail reportedly sent on Sunday, the company thanked beta testers for their help and said that the polished edition of Microsoft Security Essentials would ship "in the coming weeks." Microsoft also asked beta testers to upgrade to the newest version of the test software to make the transition to the final as smooth as possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In June, Microsoft issued the beta of Security Essentials to about 75,000 users, but quickly shut down the offering when that target was reached.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Microsoft has said that Morro will offer basic features for fighting a wide range of viruses, which would likely make it comparable to low-end consumer products from Symantec and McAfee that cost about $40 per year. The company said that it will provide protection from several types of malicious software including viruses, spyware, rootkits and trojans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The software code-named Morro after Brazil's Morro de Sao Paolo beach, is expected to hurt the sales of products from Symantec and McAfee, which generate billions of dollars of revenue a year protecting Windows PCs from attacks by hackers. Their top-selling products are security suites that come with features including encryption, firewalls, password protection, parental controls and data backup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Three years ago, Microsoft entered that market with Live OneCare, which turned out to be a commercial flop. It announced plans in November to kill that product suite, saying it would launch the free Morro service by the end of 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Security Essentials will run on Windows XP SP2 or later versions, Windows Vista and Windows 7. The antivirus programme can be downloaded from Microsoft's site once goes live.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6330843538638704625?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6330843538638704625/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6330843538638704625&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6330843538638704625'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6330843538638704625'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/microsofts-antivirous.html' title='Microsofts antivirous'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-29718643146824439</id><published>2009-09-23T18:47:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T15:42:31.210+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3 Configuration'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='What is GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SDM with GNS3'/><title type='text'>How to Add Virtual PC to your GNS3 Topology</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The Virtual PC Simulator is a program that runs within Windows or Linux. It has limited functionality, but most important, it allows pings and traceroutes. These are the most common testing commands used during CCNA or CCNP training and are often the only commands needed. Using VPCS you will save memory and CPU cycles. If you do not need more functionality in a workstation within your topology, I highly recommend VPCS. The Virtual PC Simulator is a free product available at the following.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;How to install in windows?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Download the software &lt;a href="http://wiki.freecode.com.cn/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:vpcs-0.16c.zip"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and extract to your folder. You will find file &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;cygwin1.dll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; in the extracted folder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Go to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;C:\Program Files\GNS3\Dynamips&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;, search and rename the file cygwin1.dll into cygwin1.dll.old and copy the file cygwin1.dll from your vpcs folder to this folder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Open command prompt, enter the vpcs folder and type vpcs.exe. It is best to open the Virtual PC Simulator before starting GNS3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;Welcome to Virtual PC Simulator for dynamips, v0.16c&lt;br /&gt;Dedicated to Daling.&lt;br /&gt;Build time: Mar 12 2009 11:32:18&lt;br /&gt;All rights reserved.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If it doesn't work, you may need to install cygwyn released by &lt;a href="http://cygwin.com/"&gt;cygwin.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The VPCS allow you to simulate up to 9 PCs. Just type a number to switch to another PC. Use the Show command to view a PC’s IP or MAC address. To assign an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway to a PC, follow this format at the prompt:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;VPCS 9 &gt;1&lt;br /&gt;VPCS 1 &gt;show&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NAME   IP/CIDR              GATEWAY           MAC                LPORT  RPORT&lt;br /&gt;PC1    0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:00  20000  30000&lt;br /&gt;PC2    0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:01  20001  30001&lt;br /&gt;PC3    192.168.2.1/24       0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:02  20002  30002&lt;br /&gt;2001:2::1/64&lt;br /&gt;PC4    192.168.2.2/24       0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:03  20003  30003&lt;br /&gt;2001:2::2/64&lt;br /&gt;PC5    192.168.3.2/24       192.168.3.1       00:50:79:66:68:04  20004  30004&lt;br /&gt;2001:3::2/64&lt;br /&gt;PC6    0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:05  20005  30005&lt;br /&gt;PC7    0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0           00:50:79:66:68:06  20006  30006&lt;br /&gt;PC8    192.168.8.2/24       192.168.8.1       00:50:79:66:68:07  20007  30007&lt;br /&gt;2001:8::2/64&lt;br /&gt;PC9    192.168.9.2/24       192.168.9.1       00:50:79:66:68:08  20008  30008&lt;br /&gt;2001:9::2/64&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VPCS 1 &gt;ip 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;PC1 : 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VPCS 1 &gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;To integrate VPCS into GNS3, we will first make use of the Symbol Library. Choose &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Symbol Manager&lt;/span&gt; on the &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Edit&lt;/span&gt; menu after opening GNS3. Click the computer symbol under Available symbols, then click right arrow button between the windows. This will move the symbol into the Customized nodes column. In the Name box, type &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;computer&lt;/span&gt;. Use the drop-down arrow to change the type to &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cloud&lt;/span&gt;, if necessary. Click the Apply button. Then click OK. In the GNS3 Nodes Types column, you should now see a computer icon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sroiveo-V6I/AAAAAAAAAI8/s9k7ARbmfUw/s1600-h/computer-GNS3.PNG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 343px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sroiveo-V6I/AAAAAAAAAI8/s9k7ARbmfUw/s400/computer-GNS3.PNG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384654503548966818" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Drag the computer into the workspace. Right-click the computer, and choose Configure. Click on C0 under Clouds. Click the NIO UDP tab. Type in the following values under Settings:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Local port: 30000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Remote host: localhost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Remote port: 20000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;These settings correspond to VPCS 1. Click the Add button and then OK.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Connect your router or switch to vpcs's &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;nio_udp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; port. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Return to router’s console window to configure its Ethernet or FastEthernet port.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Test the connection end-to-end with the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;tracert&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrojGvzAVlI/AAAAAAAAAJE/JCJNBOJRkc4/s1600-h/virtual+pc.PNG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 366px; height: 218px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrojGvzAVlI/AAAAAAAAAJE/JCJNBOJRkc4/s400/virtual+pc.PNG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384654903291434578" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-29718643146824439?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/29718643146824439/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=29718643146824439&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/29718643146824439'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/29718643146824439'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/how-to-add-virtual-pc-to-your-gns3.html' title='How to Add Virtual PC to your GNS3 Topology'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/Sroiveo-V6I/AAAAAAAAAI8/s9k7ARbmfUw/s72-c/computer-GNS3.PNG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-6231766702777967216</id><published>2009-09-23T14:43:00.019+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-28T11:23:39.575+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ccna spelization'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ccna latest question answer'/><title type='text'>CCNA exam blog</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242567"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre id="adTag"&gt;&lt;!-- BEGIN SMOWTION TAG - 468x60 - network planet: tecnologia - DO NOT MODIFY --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!-- smowtion_size = "468x60"; smowtion_section = "742877"; //--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Cisco's new CCNA specializations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;To become a specialized Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), you must first be a "regular" CCNA, and then pass a single certification test in your specialist area.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;There are three new CCNA specializations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;CCNA Security&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;CCNA Voice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;CCNA Wireless&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Each of these is an area of technology in which Cisco is pushing for a very strong presence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;What do I need to know about these specializations?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CCNA Security&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The CCNA Security grounds you in core security technologies that every Cisco admin should know and use to secure the network. To pass the certification test, you need to demonstrate that you have the knowledge to set up a security infrastructure that will defend your network from outside threats. For example, you will be tested on security threats, securing a Cisco router with the IOS, implementing AAA, ACLs, the IOS Firewall, and IOS IPS features.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;This specialization became available on June 24, 2008, and is valid for three years. The prerequisite is a valid CCNA. The exam number and name that you will need is 640-553 IINS (Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security). To learn more about this specialization, please see the official CCNA Security page.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CCNA Voice&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The CCNA Voice certification ensures that you have the skill set to perform installation, operation, and administration of VoIP solutions. In preparing for the certification, you will gain a solid foundation in voice applications and their concepts, including Cisco Unified Communications architecture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;This specialization became available on June 24, 2008, and is also valid for three years. The prerequisite is a valid CCNA. The exam number and name that you will need is 640-460 IIUC (Implementing Cisco IOS Unified Communications). To learn more about this specialization, please see the official Cisco CCNA Voice page.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CCNA Wireless&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the "wave" of the future. You will be able to support wireless LANS in your network, as well as be able to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot any Cisco WLANS, which can be of great benefit to you on your Cisco career path.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;This specialization became available on July 25, 2008, and is also valid for three years. The prerequisite is a valid CCNA. The exam number and name that you will need is 640-721 IUWNE (Implementing Cisco Unified Wireless Networking Essentials). To learn more about this specialization, please see the official CCNA Wireless page.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Should you consider a CCNA specialization?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While you may have your own reasons for pursuing these certifications, here are the reasons that I came up with:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: justify;" type="1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Career opportunities&lt;/b&gt;--I don't think you have to look very far in the want ads to discover that the workplace is not only looking for people who have a broad range of skill sets, but they are looking for people who have skill sets that fit a special niche. These specializations could give you an edge up on other candidates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Confidence&lt;/b&gt;--Obtaining a new certification always helps you to build confidence in your skills. Additionally, when you are interviewing for a new position, management feels much safer knowing that someone who knows how to secure a network from Internet attacks is in charge of their network.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Capability for advancement&lt;/b&gt;--Although you have to be CCNA-certified to obtain any of these specializations, they will broaden your understanding of specific areas and make you a more rounded and confident Cisco admin. Also, it is a good next step in your career path initiative to the CCNP or CCIE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CCNA latest dumps&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The Latest P4s ccna is 8.14 include volume A-&gt;volume H.&lt;br /&gt;Pass4sure 8.03 have volume A-&gt;G .&lt;br /&gt;If you add volume H in to p4s 8.03 -&gt; you have pass4sure 8.14 ( latest )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The p4s 8.14 include All Q/A in p4s 8.03 + volume H&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/231931045/pass4sure_ccna_8.14.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/231931045/pass4sure_ccna_8.14.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;p4s 8.03&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/226734527/full-p4s-ccna8.03-503Q_ScreenShot.part1.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/226734527/full-p4s-ccna8.03-503Q_ScreenShot.part1.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/226734529/full-p4s-ccna8.03-503Q_ScreenShot.part2.rar"&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/226734529/full-p4s-ccna8.03-503Q_ScreenShot.part2.rar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P4S 7.73&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0dd7hc/n/p4s_640-802_exe"&gt;http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0dd7hc/n/p4s_640-802_exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135016678/4235883c/ccna_latest_dumps_update_3_sept_2009.html"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/135016678/4235883c&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135016678/4235883c/ccna_latest_dumps_update_3_sept_2009.html"&gt;/ccna_latest_dumps_update_3_sept_2009.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a 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href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135017373/6b90f43a/Copy_of_ccna_Latest_Dumps__458Q_640-802_v7158-PDF.html"&gt;/Copy_of_ccna_Latest_Dumps__458Q_640-802_v7158-PDF.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;P4S CCNA-Security-640.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;553&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135024822/38a00a36/P4S_CCNA_Security_640-553.html"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/135024822/38a00a36/P4S_CCNA_Security_640-553.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135026447/bd8368d0/Copy_of_P4S_CCNA_Security_640-553.html"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/135026447/bd8368d0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a 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/&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/135017942/3a2d12b9/Test_Inside_CCNP_642-892_Composite.html"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/135017942/3a2d12b9/Test_Inside_CCNP_642-892_Composite.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/128550266/96c43557/CCNP_DUMPS.html"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/128550266/96c43557/CCNP_DUMPS.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242619"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-6231766702777967216?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/6231766702777967216/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=6231766702777967216&amp;isPopup=true' title='10 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6231766702777967216'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/6231766702777967216'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/ccna-exam.html' title='CCNA exam blog'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>10</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-5493566329721172426</id><published>2009-09-23T13:28:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T13:34:48.022+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3 Configuration'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='What is GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SDM with GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CISCO IOS for GNS3'/><title type='text'>GNS3 Router Configuration</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242567"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;Configuring a Serial Interface on a Router&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;By default the 3660 image that I use comes with 2 FastEthernet interfaces. In order to simulate WAN links you need to add serial interfaces to the router as outlined below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. Right-click on your router, choose Configure, then click on your router name.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;2. Click on the slots tab and change slot 1 (or any other slot other than slot 0) to NM-4T. This will provide you with 4 serial interfaces. NOTE THAT THE SLOT NAME MAY BE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON WHICH IOS YOU USE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnTIyGtOmI/AAAAAAAAAIE/g1wJX1rT3Ww/s1600-h/e8.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 313px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnTIyGtOmI/AAAAAAAAAIE/g1wJX1rT3Ww/s400/e8.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384566977340455522" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;3. Click on Apply then OK.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;u style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Adding a switch module to your router&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Follow the same steps as you did for configuring a serial interface but choose the NM-16ESW module from the drop-down list.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;u style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Connecting two or more routers&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;You will come to the point where configuring just one router is not sufficient such as when you want to run a routing protocol. The following guidelines show you how to connect routers together.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. Drag two or more routers onto the stage and configure their slots if required. Display their hostnames by pressing the ABC button on the toolbar if they are not already displayed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnTlgeaVLI/AAAAAAAAAIM/0nJvsERvexE/s1600-h/e9.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 33px; height: 30px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnTlgeaVLI/AAAAAAAAAIM/0nJvsERvexE/s400/e9.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384567470824248498" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;This is a personal preference and allows you to track which router is which.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;2. Now click on the interface button on the toolbar and select Manual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnT7K1UBFI/AAAAAAAAAIc/A_c8qwitbfo/s1600-h/e10.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 32px; height: 27px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnT7K1UBFI/AAAAAAAAAIc/A_c8qwitbfo/s400/e10.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384567842971845714" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The interface button changes to a red cross.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnT7mqXJ6I/AAAAAAAAAIk/fG-gu6LEDhg/s1600-h/e11.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 34px; height: 30px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnT7mqXJ6I/AAAAAAAAAIk/fG-gu6LEDhg/s400/e11.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384567850442106786" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Now left-click on a router and select an interface which you want a cable connected to. Now click the router to which you want to connect to and select the interface on that router for the other end of the link. You should now see the link has been drawn. Once you have finished configuring the interfaces click the interface button (red cross) to get out of interface configuration mode (the icon will revert to the telephone jack symbol). The picture below shows three routers with a FastEthernet connection and the other with a Serial link (zig-zag line).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnUgwTv-EI/AAAAAAAAAIs/i4qQ-gSDtqY/s1600-h/e12.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 232px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnUgwTv-EI/AAAAAAAAAIs/i4qQ-gSDtqY/s400/e12.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384568488686778434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;3. Notice that each link has got a red dot on it. When you start the IOS each dot should turn to green which denotes that each router has successfully started the IOS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Saving your configuration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;After all your hard work on the command line you will probably want to save your configuration and reuse it on another day. Follow the steps below to save your work:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. Go to File--&gt;Save As and save your topology where you want as a .net file. When it comes to reusing this topology just double-click on the .net file to open it up in GNS3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;2. On each router save your config using &lt;b&gt;copy run start&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;3. Back in GNS3 type save /all in the bottom half of the screen to save all of the configs into the .net file. If you want to save the config of only one router you can replace the keyword &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; with the name of the router you wish to save the config of. You can also extract the configs by clicking on the "Extract all start-up configs" button on the toolbar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnVR2-VpsI/AAAAAAAAAI0/MWwYwJx0XAM/s1600-h/e13.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 33px; height: 30px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnVR2-VpsI/AAAAAAAAAI0/MWwYwJx0XAM/s400/e13.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384569332289611458" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript" LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-5493566329721172426?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/5493566329721172426/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=5493566329721172426&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5493566329721172426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/5493566329721172426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/gns3-router-configuration.html' title='GNS3 Router Configuration'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrnTIyGtOmI/AAAAAAAAAIE/g1wJX1rT3Ww/s72-c/e8.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-7858620831078843479</id><published>2009-09-23T08:24:00.009+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-25T15:33:02.708+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3 Configuration'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='What is GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SDM with GNS3'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CISCO IOS for GNS3'/><title type='text'>SDM with GNS3</title><content type='html'>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;You can learn how to configure SDM in GNS3 in 2 ways&lt;br /&gt;(a)From GNS3 video tutorial(&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/134725556/7b9a97d2/HowToConfigureSDMinGNS3.html"&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;(b)From bellow mention step&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Download and install SDM from the www.cisco.com or from a share on the web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Choose to only install SDM to your PC, NOT to the router.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Now configure your router with a hostname and a domain name in order for SSH to work:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Router#conf t&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#hostname SDMRouter&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#ip domain-name SDMDomain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Now configure your router with the following commands:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#username your_username privilege 15 secret 5&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#ip http server&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#ip http secure-server&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#ip http authentication local&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#line vty 0 4&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#login local&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#transport input telnet ssh&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#privilege level 15&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#line cons 0&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#login local&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#transport input telnet ssh&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#privilege level 15&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config-line)#exit&lt;br /&gt;SDMRouter(config)#crypto key generate rsa gen mod 1024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Now double-click the SDM icon and enter the IP address of the router and tick the box asking about HTTPS then click on Launch.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmORyX-_cI/AAAAAAAAAHk/5KMi_b-YXDw/s1600-h/e16.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 363px; height: 247px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmORyX-_cI/AAAAAAAAAHk/5KMi_b-YXDw/s400/e16.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384491265729428930" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Ensure you allow popups on your browser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Enter username and password as defined after step 3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Say yes to allow SDM to install.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Give username and password&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPEKXpCiI/AAAAAAAAAHs/NLZULhRcAlI/s1600-h/e17.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 227px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPEKXpCiI/AAAAAAAAAHs/NLZULhRcAlI/s400/e17.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384492131163900450" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Select a new username and password for the router then click OK. You should see the screen below then click OK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPTWYnHyI/AAAAAAAAAH0/fUZR_bS2w_M/s1600-h/e18.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 274px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPTWYnHyI/AAAAAAAAAH0/fUZR_bS2w_M/s400/e18.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384492392087232290" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. You should now be in SDM and able to configure the router.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPjlLOH1I/AAAAAAAAAH8/DDt5U31-JDo/s1600-h/e19.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 290px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmPjlLOH1I/AAAAAAAAAH8/DDt5U31-JDo/s400/e19.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384492670935506770" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://pub.oxado.com/insert_ad?pub=242616"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4130192334903642146-7858620831078843479?l=mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/feeds/7858620831078843479/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4130192334903642146&amp;postID=7858620831078843479&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/7858620831078843479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4130192334903642146/posts/default/7858620831078843479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mynetworkplanet.blogspot.com/2009/09/sdm-with-gns3.html' title='SDM with GNS3'/><author><name>All About Networking</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8cVQh3im1Hc/SrmORyX-_cI/AAAAAAAAAHk/5KMi_b-YXDw/s72-c/e16.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4130192334903642146.post-4976109608356569491</id><published>2009-09-19T14:04:00.015+05:30</published><updated>2009-10-18T21:48:53.774+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Cisco ebook and video</title><content type='html'>Todd lamle 6th Edition e book-CCNA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/136244749/1147d33/Sybex_CCNA_640-802_6th_Edition.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;http://www.4shared.com/file/136244749/1147d33/Sybex_CCNA_640-802_6th_Edition.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CISCO Press book for ccna&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0c912h/n/Cisco_Press_CCNA-CCENT_ICND1_Official_Exam_Certification_Guide_2E_-_Wendell_Odom_Aug_2007_pdf"&gt;ICND1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0c925c/n/Cisco_Press_CCNA_ICND2_Official_Exam_Certification_Guide_2E_-_Wendell_Odom_Aug_2007_pdf"&gt;ICND2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://www.filefactory.com/file/a0c9259/n/Cisco_Press_CCNA_Portable_Command_Guide_2E_-_Scott_D_Empson_Jul_2007_pdf"&gt;Command Guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Todd Lamle 6th Edition CD - CCNA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137365045/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part1.RAR&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137364481/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part2.RAR&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137363775/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part3.RAR&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137364381/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part4.RAR&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137363920/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part5.RAR&lt;br /&gt;http://rapidshare.com/files/137359722/T6D3_L2M53_C2N2_6TH_E3I8T4O6.part6.RAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:85%;"  &gt;CISCO SECURITY Trainsignal Video&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CTrupti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink 	{color:blue; 	text-decoration:underline; 	text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed 	{color:purple; 	text-decoration:underline; 	text-underline:single;} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table 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